Title: Comparative zoology, structural and systematic : for use in schools and colleges
Identifier: comparativezool00orto (find matches)
Year: 1883 (1880s)
Authors: Orton, James, 1830-1877; Birge, E. A. (Edward Asahel), 1851-1950
Subjects: Zoology; Anatomy, Comparative; Physiology, Comparative
Publisher: New York : Harper & Bros.
Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Biodiversity Heritage Library

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62 COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.
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Fig. 26.—Mouth of the Crocodile: tongue; e, glands; /, inferior, and g, superior, valve, separating the cavity of the mouth from the throat, h. have a slender forked tongue, consisting of a pair of mus- cular cylinders, which is solely an instrument of touch. Birds are without lips or teeth, the jaws being covered with horn, forming a beak. This varies greatly in shape, being extremely wide in the Whippoorwill, remarkably long in the Pelican, stout in the Eagle, and slender in the Hummer. It is hardest in those that tear or bruise their food, and softest in water-birds. The tongue is also cov- ered with a horny sheath, and generally spinous, its chief function being to secure the food when in the mouth. It is proportionally largest and most fleshy in the Parrots. The main characteristics of the mammalian mouth are flesh lips and mobile cheeks.23 In the duck-billed Mon- otremes lips are wanting, and in the Porpoises they are barely represented. But in the herbivorous quadrupeds they, with the tongue, are the chief organs of prehension ; in the carnivorous tribes they are thin and retractile; while in the Whale the upper lip falls down like a cur- tain, overlapping the lower jaw several feet. As a rule, the mouth is terminal; but in the Elephant, Tapir, Hog,

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