Thành viên:J. Smile (Love & V.A.V.I)/Nháp/Wikipedia:Ghi chú đầu trang
Hatnotes are short notes placed at the very top of an article or a section, like a hat is placed on the very top of a head. (See the note in italics immediately preceding the box above.) Their purpose is to help readers locate a different article if the one they are at is not the one they're looking for. Readers may have arrived at the article containing the hatnote because:
- They were redirected.
- They may be seeking an article that uses a more specific, disambiguated title.
- They may be seeking an article with a similar name to or that otherwise might be confused with the article with the hatnote.
Hatnotes provide links to the possibly sought article or to a disambiguation page.
5 quy tắc cơ bản của ghi chú đầu trang
- Liên kết phải ghi trực tiếp đến tên bài viết, không được hiển thị liên kết tên trang không phải trang định hướng dưới một tên khác. Liên kết đến trang định hướng thường không được khuyến khích, dù có thể có ngoại lệ. Liên kết đến trang định hướng nên kết thúc bằng "(định hướng)", ngay cả khi nó là dạng đổi hướng.
- Keep explanations to a minimum; explain vital information only, trusting instead in the article lead to clarify things for the reader.
- Mention other topics and articles only if there is a reasonable possibility of a reader arriving at the article either by mistake or with another topic in mind.
- However, if a notable topic X is commonly referred to as "Foo", but the article "Foo" is not about X, there must be a hatnote linking to the article on X or linking to a disambiguation page that contains a link to the article on X.
- Ideally, limit hatnotes to just one at the top of the page or section. Multiple hatnotes may be appropriate when they serve different purposes, such as disambiguating topics with similar names and explaining redirects.
For more information about methods of disambiguating articles, see Wikipedia:Disambiguation.
Placement[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
Hatnotes are placed at the top of the article or section. When used at the top of an article, hatnotes go immediately below a short description template, but strictly above anything else including protection icons or maintenance tags.[1] Text-based web browsers and screen readers present the page sequentially. If a reader has reached the wrong page, they should find that out first.
In the Wikipedia iOS app, there is a known bug whereby hatnotes fail to appear anywhere on the page.
Format[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
In most cases, hatnotes should be created using a standard hatnote template as illustrated in § Hatnote templates below. This permits the form and structure of hatnotes to be changed uniformly across the encyclopedia as needed and the templates to be excluded in print.
Current style on the English Wikipedia is to italicize and to indent each note, without a bullet before the item. A horizontal dividing line should not be placed either under a note or after the final item in a list. Links to articles should follow the naming conventions for capitalization – typically sentence case, not all lower case.
When determining the content of the hatnote, keep in mind that it forms part of the user interface rather than the article content. Two applicable user interface design principles are clarity and conciseness. The hatnote should not overload the user with extraneous information, and the content should be imparted quickly and accurately. These design goals are conveyed succinctly in the principle less is more.
Length and number[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
As hatnotes separate the reader from the content they are looking for, hatnotes should generally be as concise as possible. Long explanations are generally discouraged; the article's lead text, not the hatnote, should explain what the article is about. In almost all cases, the hatnote is intended only to direct readers to other articles in case they were actually looking for something they will not find in the article containing the hatnote.
If a disambiguation page exists for a given term, then linking to it should be enough. For example, if the article is X then its hatnote will link to X (disambiguation); it should not have entries for other topics known as X, like X (novel) or X (charge), because they are already listed in the disambiguation page. However, such an article may be linked if it could be expected by a significant number of readers to be at the title in question: for instance, Turkey is about the country, but many readers expect to find the article on the bird at that title; therefore, the hatnote there correctly reads
{{about|the country|the bird|Turkey (bird)|other uses}}
which renders
There should be as few hatnotes as possible. One single hatnote, which can accommodate several links, is greatly preferable to two or more. Multiple hatnotes may however be appropriate when each serves a different purpose, such as disambiguating the title or distinguishing similar terms.[2]
Summarize or not?[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
Some hatnote disambiguation templates include a brief summary of the present article's topic; others do not have a summary. For instance, in the article Honey, one might use the template {{about|the insect-produced fluid}} to produce:
Alternatively, one might use {{other uses}} to produce:
Either of these two styles is acceptable. The choice of style in a given article is based on editors' preferences and on what is likely to be clearer and easier for the reader. (In this particular instance, most English speakers will know what honey is, and the second, more concise hatnote is preferable.) Where an article already has a hatnote in one of these styles, editors should not change it to the other style without good reason.
Ví dụ về cách sử dụng đúng[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
Hai trang cùng tiêu đề[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
Dunwich (/ˈdʌnɪtʃ/) is a town in the county of Suffolk in England, the remnant of what was once a prosperous seaport and centre of the wool trade during the early middle ages, with a natural harbour formed by the mouths of the River Blyth. ...
When two articles share the same title, except that one is disambiguated and the other not, the undisambiguated article should include a hatnote with a link to the other article. It is not necessary to create a separate disambiguation page. {{about}} may be used for this. In this case the parameterization was {{about|the village in England|H. P. Lovecraft's fictional town|Dunwich (Lovecraft)}}.
Trang có thể gây nhầm lẫn với trang khác[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
Perl is a family of high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming languages. ...
{{Distinguish}} or a related template can be used when there can be confusion with a similar term. They are typically used when readers have misspelled their desired title, and the error would be apparent by simply displaying the alternative term without further explanation. These hatnotes should only be used when the ambiguity exists for a significant portion of the readership.
However, they are not suitable when the difference is not readily apparent without additional details. In those cases, use {{about}} or {{other uses}} instead, as the differences in the suggested article are explained upfront without requiring the reader to click through and differentiate the terms on their own.
Liên kết đến trang định hướng[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
- Đối với các định nghĩa khác, xem Twice (định hướng)
Twice (cách điệu: TWICE, tiếng Triều Tiên: 트와이스, tiếng Nhật: トゥワイス) là một nhóm nhạc nữ Hàn Quốc được thành lập và quản lý bởi công ty JYP Entertainment thông qua chương trình truyền hình thực tế Sixteen vào năm 2015. ....
When a term has a primary meaning and two or more additional meanings, the hatnote on the primary topic page should link to a disambiguation page. {{other uses}} may be used for this.
In many cases the hatnote also includes a brief description of the subject of the present article, for readers' convenience:
In Greek mythology, the Labyrinth was an elaborate maze-like structure constructed for King Minos of Crete and designed by the legendary artificer Daedalus to hold the Minotaur. ...
The template {{about}} may be used for this. In this case the parameterization was {{about|the mazelike labyrinth from Greek mythology}}.
Ambiguous term that redirects to an unambiguously named article[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
{{redirect}}, or a related template, can be used when an ambiguous title is redirected to an unambiguous title or a primary topic article:
Johann Sebastian Bach
(Redirected from Bach)
Johann Sebastian Bach (tiếng Đức: [ˈjoːhan zeˈbasti̯an ˈbax] ( nghe); 21 tháng 3 năm 1685 - 28 tháng 7 năm 1750) là một nhà soạn nhạc, nghệ sĩ organ, vĩ cầm, đại hồ cầm, và đàn harpsichord người Đức thuộc thời kỳ Baroque (1600 – 1750). ...
Hatnotes above maintenance tags[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
Always place a hatnote above maintenance tags, but below short description templates. See above for specific details regarding the placement of hatnotes.
The Giver is a 1993 American young-adult dystopian novel by Lois Lowry. It is set in a society which at first appears as utopian but is later revealed to be a dystopian one as the story progresses. The novel follows a boy named Jonas. ...
Hatnotes with italics in the links[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
Caprona agama, the spotted angle, is a butterfly belonging to the family Hesperiidae. ...
The italics are cancelled by the parameterization: {{Redirect|Spotted angle|the other butterfly with this name|Caprona alida{{!}}Caprona alida}}
Ví dụ về cách sử dụng sai[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
Thông tin tầm thường, định nghĩa từ điển và tiếng lóng[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
Khi ghi chú có một chi tiết nhỏ hoặc sử dụng một thuật ngữ, hoặc liên kết đến tài liệu quá cụ thể và có xu hướng, thì chúng là cách sử dụng không đúng
Show! Music Core là một chương trình âm nhạc Hàn Quốc phát sóng vào 3:40
Trong trường hợp này, không có sự phân biệt trực tiếp và ghi chú được liệt kê gây hứng thú cho hầu hết người đọc.
Legitimate information about the topic[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
A previous version of the Aisha article showed:
Aisha or Ayesha (Arabic عائشه `ā'isha = "she who lives") was a wife of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. ...
This is a typical but improper use of disambiguating hatnotes. Instead, the information belongs in the body of the article, or in the articles about the book, or in a separate article about names, or all three places. Hatnotes are meant to reduce confusion and direct readers to another article they might have been looking for, not for information about the subject of the article itself.
[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
Disambiguation hatnotes are intended to link to separate topics that could be referred to by the same title. They are not intended to link to topics that are simply related to each other, or to a specific aspect of a general topic:
Extraterrestrial life is life that may exist and originate outside the planet Earth. Its existence is currently hypothetical: there is as yet no evidence of extraterrestrial life that has been widely accepted by scientists. ...
Instead of using a disambiguation hatnote in such cases, it is better to summarize the topic Extraterrestrial life in popular culture under a subsection of Extraterrestrial life in conjunction with the {{main}} template.
This guideline does not discourage the use of disambiguation hatnotes in a situation where separate topics are related, but could nonetheless be referred to by the same title and would thus qualify for disambiguation, such as a book and its film adaptation.
Phân định tiêu đề khi bài có tiêu đề không mơ hồ[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
Thông thường, không nên đặt ghi chú khi tên bài đã rõ ràng
Fanatics (nhóm nhạc)
Fanatics (tiếng Hàn: 파나틱스; cách điệu: FANATICS) là một nhóm nhạc nữ Hàn Quốc gồm tám thành viên được thành lập bởi công ty FENT vào năm 2018. ...
Tại đây, hatnote có thể được gỡ bỏ. Một độc giả khi nhấn vào liên kết Fanatics sẽ khó có thể đi tới trang Fanatics (nhóm nhạc) nếu họ muốn xem các nghĩa khác của bài, vì Fanatics không đổi hướng tới đó
Một hatnote vẫn có thể phù hợp khi một cái tên cụ thể hơn vẫn còn mơ hồ, hoặc khi một tên bài không rõ ràng chuyển hướng đến nó.
Sự hiện diện hay vắng mặt của chú thích trong các bài báo có tiêu đề không rõ ràng đã là một vấn đề gây tranh cãi và hướng dẫn này không quy định cách này hay cách khác. Có những trường hợp một số biên tập viên tin tưởng mạnh mẽ rằng nên đưa những chú thích đó vào, chẳng hạn như các bài báo khác nhau về các hiệp ước có tên là Saturday
Extraneous links[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
Each additional link in the hatnote besides the ambiguous or confusable topic(s) makes it more difficult to find the desired target. For example:
WTIX (980 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a Sports radio format.
In this case, the link to New Orleans, Louisiana, in the hatnote leads to an article that is not ambiguous with the title. Linking only to the possible other destination (WIST (AM)) makes it easier to find the link.
Liên kết ngoài[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
Ví dụ
StayC (tiếng Triều Tiên: 스테이씨; cách điệu là STAYC) là một nhóm nhạc nữ Hàn Quốc được quản lý bởi Highup Entertainment....
Việc sử dụng các liên kết ngoài trong Wikipedia, mặc dù là tốt, nhưng không thể được duy trì một cách hợp lý. Trong các trường hợp đặc biệt, liên kết đến phần "Liên kết bên ngoài" có thể phù hợp, nhưng chủ nghĩa ủng hộ quan điểm một chiếu có thể gây cản trở điều đó. Trong trường hợp này, ghi chú đã bị loại bỏ hoàn toàn.
Non-existent articles[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
Hatnotes should not contain red links to non-existent articles since hatnotes are intended to help users navigate to another article they may have intended to find. The exception is if one intends to create the linked article immediately. In that case, consider creating the new article first, before saving the addition of the hatnote.
Hatnote templates[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
Generic hatnote[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
{{Hatnote}} allows general text to be shown in hatnote format. It is appropriate when none of the other specific templates listed below includes the combination of parameters needed, or to combine several of them in a single hatnote.
{{Hatnote|CUSTOM TEXT}}→
{{Selfref}}(a generic template for self-references to Wikipedia material)
Other uses of the same title ("For …, see …")[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
Per WP:NAMB, it is usually preferable not to have a hatnote when the name of the article is not ambiguous.
"Trang này viết về... Đối với... xem..."[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
{{About}} is the main template for noting other uses.
Chú ý: Khi sử dụng ở không gian tên chính, từ "trang" được thay thế bằng từ "bài"
{{About|USE1}}→{{About|USE1||PAGE2}}(When the disambiguation page has a different name – Note the empty second parameter) →{{About|USE1|USE2|PAGE2}}(When there is only one other use) →{{About|USE1|USE2|PAGE2|and|PAGE3}}(Two pages for USE2) →{{About|USE1|USE2|PAGE2#SUBSECTION{{!}}PAGE2TITLE}}(Using the {{!}} magic word to give the link a different title) →{{About|USE1|USE2|PAGE2|other uses}}(When there are several standard other uses and also a disambiguation page with default name – Note that the last page name is not specified) →{{About|USE1|USE2|PAGE2|other uses|PAGE3}}(When there are several standard other uses and also a disambiguation page with non-default name) →{{About||USE2|PAGE2|USE3|PAGE3|other uses}}(When you don't need to state the focus of this article/page – Note the empty first parameter) →{{About|||PAGE1|and|PAGE2}}→
- Note:
{{for||PAGE1|PAGE2}}produces the same result.
{{About|USE1|section=yes}}→
- Note: this hatnote says "section", instead of "article" or "page".
{{About|USE1|text=TEXT}}→
"This page is about … It is not to be confused with …"[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
{{About-distinguish}} is a template for noting other uses when there could be confusion with another topic.
{{About-distinguish|USE1|PAGE1}}→{{About-distinguish2|USE1|TEXT}}→
"For …, see …"[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
{{For}} can be used instead of {{About}} so as not to display: This page is about USE1. but still specify a specific other use. This effect can also be achieved by using an empty first parameter in {{About}} as in:
- For example:
{{For|OTHER TOPIC|PAGE1}}is the same as{{About||OTHER TOPIC|PAGE1}}(note the empty first parameter).
However, it is somewhat clearer when using the {{For}} template, since the word "about" does not appear in the statement.
{{For|OTHER TOPIC}}→{{For|OTHER TOPIC|PAGE1}}→{{For|OTHER TOPIC|PAGE1|PAGE2}}→{{For|OTHER TOPIC|PAGE1|PAGE2|PAGE3}}→
- Variations
- As with {{Other uses}}, there is a whole family of "for" templates. {{For2}} allows custom text, such as quotation marks or a link from part of the "CUSTOM TEXT", but does not supply automatic wikilinking
{{For2|OTHER TOPIC|CUSTOM TEXT}}→ (note how CUSTOM TEXT isn't bluelinked)
- It also supports up to three topics:
{{For2|OTHER TOPIC|CUSTOM TEXT|OTHER TOPIC 2|CUSTOM TEXT 2}}→{{For2|OTHER TOPIC|CUSTOM TEXT|OTHER TOPIC 2|CUSTOM TEXT 2|OTHER TOPIC 3|CUSTOM TEXT 3}}→
"For other uses, see …"[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
When such a wordy hatnote as {{About}} is not needed, {{Other uses}} is often useful.
{{Other uses}}→{{Other uses|PAGE1}}→{{Other uses|PAGE1|PAGE2}}→
- Variations
- There are, historically, a whole family of "other uses" templates for specific cases. {{About}} is the standard hatnote for "other uses" and many of them can be specified using the {{About}} template. However, the individual templates may be easier to use in certain contexts.
- Here are the variations and (when appropriate) the equivalents using the {{About}}, {{Other uses}} or {{For}} templates.
- "For other uses of …, see …"
{{Other uses of|TOPIC}}→ Bản mẫu:Other uses of{{Other uses of|TOPIC|PAGE1}}→ Bản mẫu:Other uses of
Redirect[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
"… redirects here. For other uses, see …"[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
{{Redirect|REDIRECT}}→{{Redirect|REDIRECT||PAGE1}}→{{Redirect|REDIRECT|USE1|PAGE1}}→{{Redirect|REDIRECT|USE1|PAGE1|USE2|PAGE2}}→{{Redirect|REDIRECT|USE1|PAGE1|and|PAGE2}}→
- Variations
- For two sources:
- For three or more sources:
{{Redirect-multi|2|REDIRECT1|REDIRECT2}}→{{Redirect-multi|3|REDIRECT1|REDIRECT2|REDIRECT3}}→{{Redirect-multi|2|REDIRECT1|REDIRECT2|USE|PAGE}}→{{Redirect-multi|2|REDIRECT1|REDIRECT2|USE1|PAGE1|USE2|PAGE2|and|PAGE3}}→{{Redirect-several|REDIRECT1|REDIRECT2|REDIRECT3}}→ Bản mẫu:Redirect-several
- To specify the text following "redirects here.":
{{Redirect|REDIRECT|text=TEXT}}→{{Redirect-synonym|TERM|OTHER TOPIC}}→
… redirects here. It is not to be confused with …[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
{{Redirect-distinguish|REDIRECT|PAGE1}}→{{Redirect-distinguish|REDIRECT|PAGE1|PAGE2|PAGE3}}→{{Redirect-distinguish2|REDIRECT|TEXT}}→ Bản mẫu:Redirect-distinguish2
Similar proper names ("For other people named ...")[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
Other people[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
{{Other people}}→{{Other people|NAME}}→{{Other people|NAME|PAGE}}→{{Other people||PAGE}}→{{Other people|NAME|PAGE|named=titled}}→
Distinguish[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
"Not to be confused with …"[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
{{Distinguish|PAGE1}}→{{Distinguish|PAGE1|PAGE2|PAGE3|PAGE4}}→{{Distinguish|text = TEXT}}→
"… redirects here. It is not to be confused with …"[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
{{Redirect-distinguish|REDIRECT|PAGE1}}→{{Redirect-distinguish|REDIRECT|PAGE1|PAGE2|PAGE3|PAGE4}}→{{Redirect-distinguish2|REDIRECT|TEXT}}→ Bản mẫu:Redirect-distinguish2
Family names[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
Family names can also be clarified using inline footnotes, such as with {{Efn Chinese name}}.
For use in sections[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
"Main article: …"[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
{{Main}} is used to make summary style explicit, when used in a summary section for which there is also a separate article on the subject:
"Further information: …"[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
{{Further}} can supplement {{Main}} in summary sections, or can indicate more details in nonsummary sections:
{{Further|PAGE}}→{{Further|PAGE1|PAGE2|PAGE3}}→{{Further|topic=TOPIC|PAGE1|PAGE2|PAGE3}}→{{Further2|PAGE1, PAGE2, and other text}}→
"See also …"[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
{{See also}} can be used at the head of a section.
{{See also|TOPIC PAGE|OTHER TOPIC PAGE}}→
- Note: use only when OTHER TOPIC PAGE is related to current article and contains a self-explanatory parenthetical.
{{See also2|OTHER TOPIC|OTHER TOPIC2|OTHER TOPIC3 and other text}}→
Article or section transclusions[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
{{Transcluding article|PAGE1|PAGE2|PAGE3...}}(used when transcluding 1 or more entire articles into a target article) → Bản mẫu:Transcluding article{{Transcluded section|PAGE}}(used when selectively transcluding a section from one article into a section of the target article) →{{Transcluded section|PAGE|part=yes}}(used when selectively transcluding a section into part of a section on the target page) →
For category pages[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
Category-specific templates:
{{Category see also|THIS|THAT|THE OTHER}}→
This is a template for linking categories horizontally. Horizontal linkage is often the right solution when vertical linkage (i.e., as sub-category and parent category) is not appropriate. In most cases, this template should be used on both categories to create reciprocal linkage between the two categories.
{{Cat main|MAIN ARTICLE}}→{{Category explanation|colourless green ideas}}→{{Category pair|TOPIC1|TOPIC2}}→{{Preceding category|OTHER TOPIC}}→
{{Succeeding category|OTHER TOPIC}}→
Lists[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
What to do before editing or creating a template[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
These templates are used in literally thousands of articles; therefore, changing the syntax could break thousands of articles. If you wish to create or edit a disambiguation or redirection template, first ask yourself the following questions:
- Is there already a template that will do this job? Since many disambiguation and redirection templates have already been created, first check: Category:Hatnote templates.
- Do I really need a new template for this? Will it likely be used on any other articles or should I just use {{Hatnote}} instead? Before creating a new template, see the template namespace guideline.
- If I change the parameters around on an existing template, do I know what the result will be? Will it break existing uses of the template and if so, can I fix all of the errors? Before making any changes, see Wikipedia:Template sandbox and test cases.
References[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
- ^ See MOS:SECTIONORDER for specific details regarding the placement of hatnotes.
- ^ The acceptability of mutliple hatnotes was clarified in a 2016 discussion.
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| Chung |
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| Định nghĩa khác |
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| Để (chủ đề khác) | |
| Thông tin thêm |
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| Xem thêm |
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| Người khác |
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| Đổi hướng |
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| Phân biệt |
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| Nhúng | |
| Đối tượng cụ thể |
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| Thể loại bản mẫu ghi chú | |
