Khác biệt giữa bản sửa đổi của “Urartu”

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|era = Iron Age, Prehistoric
|era = Iron Age, Prehistoric
|government_type = Monarchy
|government_type = Monarchy
|year_start = 860 BC
|year_start = 860 BC
|year_end = 590 BC
|year_end = 590 BC
|image_map = 13-Urartu-9-6mta.gif
|image_map = 13-Urartu-9-6mta.gif
|image_map_caption = Urartu, 9th–6th centuries BC.
|image_map_caption = Urartu, 9th–6th centuries BC.
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|flag_s2 = Yervanduni Armenia, IV-II BC.gif
|flag_s2 = Yervanduni Armenia, IV-II BC.gif
|
|
|capital = [[Arzashkun]]<br/>[[Tushpa]] (after 832 BC)
|capital = [[Arzashkun]]<br/>[[Tushpa]] (after 832&nbsp;BC)
|common_languages = [[Urartian language|Urartian]]<br/>[[Hurrian language|Hurrian]]<br/>[[Proto-Armenian language|proto-Armenian]]<ref name="Diakonoff 1992 51–54">{{chú thích journal|last=Diakonoff|first=Igor M|title=First Evidence of the Proto-Armenian Language in Eastern Anatolia|journal=Annual of Armenian Linguistics|year=1992|volume=13|pages=51–54|issn=0271-9800}}</ref>
|common_languages = [[Urartian language|Urartian]]<br/>[[Hurrian language|Hurrian]]<br/>[[Proto-Armenian language|proto-Armenian]]<ref name="Diakonoff 1992 51–54">{{cite journal|last=Diakonoff|first=Igor M|title=First Evidence of the Proto-Armenian Language in Eastern Anatolia|journal=Annual of Armenian Linguistics|year=1992|volume=13|pages=51–54|issn=0271-9800}}</ref>
|religion = [[religions of the Ancient Near East|Polytheism]]
|religion = [[religions of the Ancient Near East|Polytheism]]
|currency =
|currency =
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|today = {{flag|Armenia}}<br />{{flag|Iran}}<br />{{flag|Turkey}}
|today = {{flag|Armenia}}<br />{{flag|Iran}}<br />{{flag|Turkey}}
}}
}}
'''Urartu''' ({{Lang-hy|Ուրարտու}} - ''Urartu'', Assyrian: ''{{Lang|akk|māt Urarṭu}}'';<ref>Eberhard Schrader, ''The Cuneiform inscriptions and the Old Testament'' (1885), p. 65.</ref> [[Tiếng Akkad|Babylonian]]: ''Urashtu''), theo cuốn '''Kingdom of Ararat''' ({{Lang-hy|Արարատյան Թագավորություն}}) hoặc '''Kingdom of Van''' ({{Lang-hy|Վանի Թագավորություն}}, Urartian: ''{{Lang|xur|Biai, Biainili}}''<ref name="Hewsen-2000"><chú thích class="citation" id="chú thíchREFHewsen2000">Hewsen, Robert H. (2000), "'Van in This World; Paradise in the Next': The Historical Geography of Van/Vaspurakan", in Hovannisian, Richard G., '' Armenian Van/Vaspurakan '', Historic Armenian Cities and Provinces , Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers , p. p. 13, [[Online Computer Library Center|OCLC]] [//www.worldcat.org/oclc/44774992 44774992]</chú thích><chú thích class="citation" id="chú thíchREFHewsen2000"></chú thích><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrartu&rft.atitle=%27Van+in+This+World%3B+Paradise+in+the+Next%27%3A+The+Historical+Geography+of+Van%2FVaspurakan&rft.aufirst=Robert+H.&rft.aulast=Hewsen&rft.btitle=+Armenian+Van%2FVaspurakan+&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F44774992&rft.pages=p.+13&rft.place=Costa+Mesa%2C+California&rft.pub=Mazda+Publishers+&rft.series=Historic+Armenian+Cities+and+Provinces+&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"> </span> CS1 maint: Extra text ([[:Thể loại:Bảo trì CS1: Văn bản dư|link]])<span> </span></ref>) là một vương quốc [[thời đại đồ sắt]] tập trung quanh [[hồ Van]] ở [[sơn nguyên Armenia]].
'''Urartu''' ({{Lang-hy|Ուրարտու}} - ''Urartu'', Assyrian: ''{{Lang|akk|māt Urarṭu}}'';<ref>Eberhard Schrader, ''The Cuneiform inscriptions and the Old Testament'' (1885), p. 65.</ref> [[Tiếng Akkad|Babylonian]]: ''Urashtu''), theo cuốn '''Kingdom of Ararat''' ({{Lang-hy|Արարատյան Թագավորություն}}) hoặc '''Kingdom of Van''' ({{Lang-hy|Վանի Թագավորություն}}, Urartian: ''{{Lang|xur|Biai, Biainili}}''<ref name="Hewsen-2000"><cite class="citation" id="CITEREFHewsen2000">Hewsen, Robert H. (2000), "'Van in This World; Paradise in the Next': The Historical Geography of Van/Vaspurakan", in Hovannisian, Richard G., ''&nbsp;Armenian Van/Vaspurakan&nbsp;'', Historic Armenian Cities and Provinces&nbsp;, Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers&nbsp;, p.&nbsp;p. 13, [[Online Computer Library Center|OCLC]]&nbsp;[//www.worldcat.org/oclc/44774992 44774992]</cite><cite class="citation" id="CITEREFHewsen2000"></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrartu&rft.atitle=%27Van+in+This+World%3B+Paradise+in+the+Next%27%3A+The+Historical+Geography+of+Van%2FVaspurakan&rft.aufirst=Robert+H.&rft.aulast=Hewsen&rft.btitle=+Armenian+Van%2FVaspurakan+&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F44774992&rft.pages=p.+13&rft.place=Costa+Mesa%2C+California&rft.pub=Mazda+Publishers+&rft.series=Historic+Armenian+Cities+and+Provinces+&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook">&nbsp;</span> CS1 maint: Extra text ([[:Thể loại:Bảo trì CS1: Văn bản dư|link]])<span> </span></ref>) là một vương quốc [[thời đại đồ sắt]] tập trung quanh [[hồ Van]] ở [[sơn nguyên Armenia]].


== Tham khảo ==
== Tham khảo ==
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* Boris B. Piotrovsky, ''The Ancient Civilization of Urartu'' (translated from Russian by James Hogarth), New York:Cowles Book Company, 1969.
* Boris B. Piotrovsky, ''The Ancient Civilization of Urartu'' (translated from Russian by James Hogarth), New York:Cowles Book Company, 1969.
* M. Salvini, ''Geschichte und Kultur der Urartäer'', Darmstadt 1995.
* M. Salvini, ''Geschichte und Kultur der Urartäer'', Darmstadt 1995.
* R. B. Wartke, ''Urartu — Das Reich am Ararat'' In: Kulturgeschichte der Antiken Welt, Bd. 59, Mainz 1993.
* R. B. Wartke, ''Urartu&nbsp;— Das Reich am Ararat'' In: Kulturgeschichte der Antiken Welt, Bd. 59, Mainz 1993.
* P. E. Zimansky, ''Ecology and Empire: The Structure of the Urartian State'', [Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization], Chicago: Oriental Institute, 1985.
* P. E. Zimansky, ''Ecology and Empire: The Structure of the Urartian State'', [Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization], Chicago: Oriental Institute, 1985.
* P. E. Zimansky, ''Ancient Ararat. A Handbook of Urartian Studies'', New York 1998.
* P. E. Zimansky, ''Ancient Ararat. A Handbook of Urartian Studies'', New York 1998.

Phiên bản lúc 09:56, ngày 2 tháng 3 năm 2017

Kingdom of Urartu

Ուրարտու

Արարատյան Թագավորություն
860 BC–590 BC
Urartu, 9th–6th centuries BC.
Urartu, 9th–6th centuries BC.
Thủ đôArzashkun
Tushpa (after 832 BC)
Ngôn ngữ thông dụngUrartian
Hurrian
proto-Armenian[2]
Tôn giáo chính
Polytheism
Chính trị
Chính phủMonarchy
• 858-844
Aramu
• 844-828
Sarduri I
• 828-810
Ishpuini
• 810-785
Menua
• 785-753
Argishti I
• 753-735
Sarduri II
Lịch sử
Thời kỳIron Age, Prehistoric
• Thành lập
860 BC
• Giải thể
590 BC
 Kế tục
Median Empire
Satrapy of Armenia
Hiện nay là một phần của Armenia
 Iran
 Turkey

Urartu (tiếng Armenia: Ուրարտու - Urartu, Assyrian: māt Urarṭu;[3] Babylonian: Urashtu), theo cuốn Kingdom of Ararat (tiếng Armenia: Արարատյան Թագավորություն) hoặc Kingdom of Van (tiếng Armenia: Վանի Թագավորություն, Urartian: Biai, Biainili[4]) là một vương quốc thời đại đồ sắt tập trung quanh hồ Van ở sơn nguyên Armenia.

Tham khảo

Chú thích

  1. ^ Paul Zimansky, "Urartian material culture as state assemblage," Bulletin of the American Association of Oriental Research 299 (1995), 105.
  2. ^ Diakonoff, Igor M (1992). “First Evidence of the Proto-Armenian Language in Eastern Anatolia”. Annual of Armenian Linguistics. 13: 51–54. ISSN 0271-9800.
  3. ^ Eberhard Schrader, The Cuneiform inscriptions and the Old Testament (1885), p. 65.
  4. ^ Hewsen, Robert H. (2000), "'Van in This World; Paradise in the Next': The Historical Geography of Van/Vaspurakan", in Hovannisian, Richard G.,  Armenian Van/Vaspurakan , Historic Armenian Cities and Provinces , Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers , p. p. 13, OCLC 44774992  CS1 maint: Extra text (link)

Sách liên quan

  • Ashkharbek Kalantar, Materials on Armenian and Urartian History (with a contribution by Mirjo Salvini), Civilisations du Proche-Orient: Series 4 – Hors Série, Neuchâtel, Paris, 2004;ISBN 978-2-940032-14-3
  • Boris B. Piotrovsky, The Ancient Civilization of Urartu (translated from Russian by James Hogarth), New York:Cowles Book Company, 1969.
  • M. Salvini, Geschichte und Kultur der Urartäer, Darmstadt 1995.
  • R. B. Wartke, Urartu — Das Reich am Ararat In: Kulturgeschichte der Antiken Welt, Bd. 59, Mainz 1993.
  • P. E. Zimansky, Ecology and Empire: The Structure of the Urartian State, [Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization], Chicago: Oriental Institute, 1985.
  • P. E. Zimansky, Ancient Ararat. A Handbook of Urartian Studies, New York 1998.

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