Herman Melville

Herman Melville
Photograph of Herman Melville
Sinh	1 tháng 8, 1819 New York City, New York, United States
Mất	28 tháng 9, 1891(1891-09-28) (72 tuổi) New York City, New York
Nghề nghiệp	novelist, short story writer, teacher, sailor, lecturer, poet
Quốc tịch	Mỹ
Thể loại	travelogue, Captivity narrative, Sea story, Gothic Romanticism, Allegory, Tall tale
Trào lưu	Romanticism, Dark Romanticism, and Skepticism; precursor to Modernism, precursor to absurdism and existentialism
Ảnh hưởng bởi Shakespeare, Milton, The Bible, C. B. Brown, Montaigne, Camoens, Dana, Hawthorne, Thomas Browne, Emerson, Thoreau, Carlyle, Irving, Cooper
Ảnh hưởng tới Thomas Mann, E. M. Forster, D. H. Lawrence, Camus, Jean-Pierre Melville, Thomas Pynchon, Cormac McCarthy

Herman Melville (sinh 1 tháng 8, 1819 - mất 28 tháng 9, 1891) là một nhà văn, người viết chuyện gắn, nhà thơ, nhà văn tiểu luận người Mỹ. Những tiểu thuyết đầu tiên của ông là những tác phẩm bán chạy và ăn khách nhất, nhưng danh tiếng của Melville tụt thê thảm vài năm sau đó. Quãng thời gian Melville qua đời cũng là quãng thời gian mà ông gần như bị lãng quên, tuy nhiên tiểu thuyết dài nhất của ông, Moby-Dick - một tác phẩm được coi là thất bại thời ông còn sống - đã được khám phá lại ở thế kỉ 20 và đã được coi là một trong những kiệt tác hàng đầu của văn học Mỹ cũng như thế giới.

Tác phẩm

Tiểu thuyết

• Typee: A Peep at Polynesian Life (1846)
• Omoo: A Narrative of Adventures in the South Seas (1847)
• Mardi: And a Voyage Thither (1849)
• Redburn: His First Voyage (1849)
• White-Jacket, or The World in a Man-of-War (1850)
• Moby-Dick, or The Whale (1851)
• Pierre: or, The Ambiguities (1852)
• Isle of the Cross (ca. 1853, since lost)[2]
• Israel Potter: His Fifty Years of Exile (1856)
• The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade (1857)
• Billy Budd, Sailor (An Inside Narrative) (1924)

Short stories

• The Piazza Tales (1856)
  • "The Piazza]]" -- the only story specifically written for the collection. (The other five had previously been published in Putnam's Magazine|Putnam's Monthly Magazine.)
  • "Bartleby the Scrivener"
  • "Benito Cereno"
  • "The Lightning-Rod Man"
  • "The Encantadas, or Enchanted Isles"
  • "The Bell-Tower"
• Uncollected
  • "Cock-A-Doodle-Doo!" (Harper's New Monthly Magazine, December 1853)
  • "Poor Man's Pudding and Rich Man's Crumbs]]" (Harper's New Monthly Magazine, June 1854)
  • "The Happy Failure" (Harper's New Monthly Magazine, July 1854)
  • "The Fiddler" (Harper's New Monthly Magazine, September 1854)
  • "The Paradise of Bachelors and the Tartarus of Maids" (Harper's New Monthly Magazine, April 1855)
  • "Jimmy Rose" (Harper's New Monthly Magazine, November 1855)
  • "The 'Gees" (Harper's New Monthly Magazine, March 1856)
  • "I and My Chimney" (Putnam's Monthly Magazine, March 1856)
  • "The Apple-Tree Table" (Putnam's Monthly Magazine, May 1856)
• Unpublished in Melville's lifetime
  • "The Two Temples"
  • "Daniel Orme"

Sách

• Battle Pieces and Aspects of the War (1866)
• Clarel|Clarel: A Poem and Pilgrimage in the Holy Land (1876)
• John Marr and Other Sailors (1888) Online edition
• Timoleon (1891) Online edition
• Weeds and Wildings, and a Rose or Two (1924)

Những bài thơ không được sưu tầm hoặc xuất bản

• "Epistle to Daniel Shepherd"
• "Inscription for the Slain at Fredericksburgh" [sic]
• "The Admiral of the White"
• "To Tom"
• "Suggested by the Ruins of a Mountain-temple in Arcadia"
• "Puzzlement"
• "The Continents"
• "The Dust-Layers"
• "A Rail Road Cutting near Alexandria in 1855"
• "A Reasonable Constitution"
• "Rammon"
• "A Ditty of Aristippus"
• "In a Nutshell"
• "Adieu"

Tuyển tập thơ

• "The Maldive Shark"
• "Song from Mardi"
• "Jonah's Song" (from Moby-Dick) ["The ribs and terrors in the whale"]
• "The Portent (1859)"
• "Misgivings (1860)"
• "The Conflict of Convictions (1860-1)"
• "Shiloh: A Requiem (April 1862)"
• "Malvern Hill (July 1862)"
• "The House-top: A Night Piece (July 1863)"
• "'The Coming Storm': A Picture by S. R. Gifford, and owned by E. B. Included in the N. A. Exhibition, April, 1865"
• "'Formerly a Slave': An idealized Portrait, by E. Vedder, in the Spring Exhibition of the National Academy, 1865"
• "America"
• "The Tuft of Kelp"
• "The Berg (A Dream)"
• "After the Pleasure Party"
• "The Ravaged Villa"
• "Art"
• "Shelley's Vision"
• "In a Bye-Canal"
• "Pontoosuce"
• "Billy in the Darbies" (from Billy Budd)
• "Monody"

Tiểu luận (tất cả đều không được sưu tầm trong thời Melvile)

• "Fragments from a Writing Desk, No. 1" (Democratic Press, and Lansingburgh Advertiser, May 4, 1839)
• "Fragments from a Writing Desk, No. 2" (Democratic Press, and Lansingburgh Advertiser, May 18, 1839)
• "Etchings of a Whaling Cruise" (New York Literary World, March 6, 1847)
• "Authentic Anecdotes of 'Old Zack'" (Yankee Doodle, II, weekly [September 4 excepted] from July 24 to September 11, 1847)
• "Mr Parkman's Tour" (New York Literary World, March 31, 1849)
• "Cooper's New Novel" (New York Literary World, April 28, 1849)
• "A Thought on Book-Binding" (New York Literary World, March 16, 1850)
• "Hawthorne and His Mosses" (New York Literary World, August 17 and August 24, 1850)

Các tác phẩm khác

Correspondence, Ed. Lynn Horth. Evanston, IL and Chicago: Northwestern University Press and The Newberry Library (1993). ISBN 0-8101-0995-6
Journals, Ed. Howard C. Horsford with Lynn Horth. Evanston, IL and Chicago: Northwestern Univ. Pr. and The Newberry Library (1989). ISBN 0-8101-0823-2

Liên kết ngoài

• Arrowhead—The Home of Herman Melville
• Letters from Melville to Hawthorne
• Melville's page at Literary Journal.com-research articles on Melville's works
• Melville Room at the Berkshire Athenaeum
• New Bedford Whaling Museum
• The Life and Works of Herman Melville
• The Melville Society
• Các tác phẩm của Herman Melville tại Dự án Gutenberg
• Biographical resources dedicated to Herman Melville