Khác biệt giữa bản sửa đổi của “Danh sách phương pháp điều trị ung thư chưa được chứng minh khoa học và bị bác bỏ”

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* [[Native American healing]]&nbsp;– [[shamanistic]] forms of medicine traditionally practiced by some indigenous American peoples and which have been claimed as being capable of curing human diseases, including cancer.<ref name=acs-nam/> The American Cancer Society say that while its supportive, community aspects might improve general well-being, "available scientific evidence does not support claims that Native American healing can cure cancer or any other disease".<ref name=acs-nam>{{cite web|url=http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/complementaryandalternativemedicine/mindbodyandspirit/native-american-healing|title=Native American healing|date=November 2008|publisher=[[American Cancer Society]]|accessdate=22 September 2013}}</ref>
* [[Native American healing]]&nbsp;– [[shamanistic]] forms of medicine traditionally practiced by some indigenous American peoples and which have been claimed as being capable of curing human diseases, including cancer.<ref name=acs-nam/> The American Cancer Society say that while its supportive, community aspects might improve general well-being, "available scientific evidence does not support claims that Native American healing can cure cancer or any other disease".<ref name=acs-nam>{{cite web|url=http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/complementaryandalternativemedicine/mindbodyandspirit/native-american-healing|title=Native American healing|date=November 2008|publisher=[[American Cancer Society]]|accessdate=22 September 2013}}</ref>
* [[Naturopathy]]&nbsp;– a system of alternative medicine based on a belief in energy forces in the body and an avoidance of conventional medicine; it is promoted as a treatment for cancer and other ailments. According to the American Cancer Society, "scientific evidence does not support claims that naturopathic medicine can cure cancer or any other disease".<ref>{{cite web|title=Naturopathic Medicine |publisher=[[American Cancer Society]] |date=November 2008 |url=http://www.cancer.org/Treatment/TreatmentsandSideEffects/ComplementaryandAlternativeMedicine/MindBodyandSpirit/naturopathic-medicine |accessdate= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403092521/http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/complementaryandalternativemedicine/mindbodyandspirit/naturopathic-medicine |archivedate=2015-04-03 |df= }}</ref>
* [[Naturopathy]]&nbsp;– a system of alternative medicine based on a belief in energy forces in the body and an avoidance of conventional medicine; it is promoted as a treatment for cancer and other ailments. According to the American Cancer Society, "scientific evidence does not support claims that naturopathic medicine can cure cancer or any other disease".<ref>{{cite web|title=Naturopathic Medicine |publisher=[[American Cancer Society]] |date=November 2008 |url=http://www.cancer.org/Treatment/TreatmentsandSideEffects/ComplementaryandAlternativeMedicine/MindBodyandSpirit/naturopathic-medicine |accessdate= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403092521/http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/complementaryandalternativemedicine/mindbodyandspirit/naturopathic-medicine |archivedate=2015-04-03 |df= }}</ref>

== Physical procedures ==

[[File:Rectal bulb syringe.jpg|thumb|right|A rectal bulb syringe&nbsp;– enemas feature in a number of ineffective cancer treatments such as [[Gerson therapy]] and [[colon cleansing]]]]
* [[Acupuncture]]&nbsp;– a mainstay of traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture attempts to regulate the flow of a supposed energy within the body by means of inserting needles through the skin at certain pre-designated points. Although there is some evidence that suggests acupuncture may help relieve some symptoms associated with cancer, such as treatment side-effects, there is no evidence to support claims that acupuncture is an effective treatment for cancer.<ref>{{cite book |publisher=[[American Cancer Society]] |title=American Cancer Society Complete Guide to Complementary and Alternative Cancer Therapies |edition=2nd |year=2009 |isbn=9780944235713 |editors=Russell J, Rovere A |pages=156–59 |chapter=Acupuncture}}</ref>
* [[Applied kinesiology]]&nbsp;– the practice of diagnosing and treating illness by touching and observing patients to detect meaningful signs in the muscles. Claims have been made that in a session, "spontaneous remission" of cancer can be observed. However, according to the American Cancer Society, "available scientific evidence does not support the claim that applied kinesiology can diagnose or treat cancer or other illness".<ref>{{cite web
|title=Applied Kinesiology
|publisher=[[American Cancer Society]]
|url=http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/complementaryandalternativemedicine/manualhealingandphysicaltouch/applied-kinesiology
|date=November 2008
|accessdate=}}</ref>
* [[Chiropractic]]&nbsp;– the practice of manipulating the [[Vertebral column|spine]] to treat many human ailments. According to the American Cancer Society, "available scientific evidence does not support claims that chiropractic treatment cures cancer or any other life-threatening illness".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/complementaryandalternativemedicine/manualhealingandphysicaltouch/chiropractic |title=Chiropractic | publisher = [[American Cancer Society]] |accessdate= | date = March 2011}}</ref>
* [[Craniosacral therapy]] (or CST)&nbsp;– a treatment devised by John Upledger in the 1970s. A CST practitioner will massage a patient's scalp in the belief that the precise positioning of their cranial bones can have a profound impact on their health. However, according to the American Cancer Society, "available scientific evidence does not support claims that craniosacral therapy helps in treating cancer or any other disease".<ref>{{cite web
|title=Craniosacral therapy
|publisher=[[American Cancer Society]]
|url=http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/complementaryandalternativemedicine/manualhealingandphysicaltouch/craniosacral-therapy
|date=December 2012
|accessdate=}}</ref>
* [[Colon cleansing]]&nbsp;– the practice of cleansing the colon using laxatives and enemas to "detoxify" the body. Coffee enemas in particular are promoted as a cancer therapy. According to the American Cancer Society, "available scientific evidence does not support claims that colon therapy is effective in treating cancer or any other disease".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/complementaryandalternativemedicine/manualhealingandphysicaltouch/colon-therapy |title=Colon Therapy | publisher = [[American Cancer Society]] |accessdate=| date = November 2008}}</ref>
* [[Cupping therapy|Cupping]]&nbsp;– a procedure in which cups are used to create areas of suction on the body. Although claimed by proponents as an alternative cancer treatment, the American Cancer Society say "available scientific evidence does not support claims that cupping has any health benefits".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/complementaryandalternativemedicine/manualhealingandphysicaltouch/cupping|title=Cupping|date=November 2008|accessdate=4 October 2013|publisher=[[American Cancer Society]]}}</ref>
* [[Dance therapy]]&nbsp;–the use of [[dance]] or physical movement to improve physical or mental well-being. The American Cancer Society states, "Few scientific studies have been done to evaluate the effects of dance therapy on health, prevention, and recovery from illness. Clinical reports suggest dance therapy may be effective in improving self-esteem and reducing stress. As a form of exercise, dance therapy can be useful for both physical and emotional aspects of quality of life."<ref>{{cite web|title=Dance Therapy|url=http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/complementaryandalternativemedicine/mindbodyandspirit/dance-therapy|publisher=American Cancer Society|accessdate=30 April 2014}}</ref> A Cochrane review found too few studies to draw any conclusions about what effects dance therapy has on psychological or physical outcomes in cancer patients.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Bradt|first=J|author2=Goodill, SW |author3=Dileo, C |title=Dance/movement therapy for improving psychological and physical outcomes in cancer patients|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=1|date=January 7, 2015|issue= | pages=CD007103|pmid=25565627 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD007103.pub3}}</ref>
* [[Ear candling]]&nbsp;– an alternative medical technique in which lighted candles are placed in the ears for supposed therapeutic effect. The practice has been promoted with extravagant claims it can "purify the blood" or "cure" cancer, but [[Health Canada]] has found it has no health benefit; it does however carry a serious risk of injury.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.webmd.com/fda/stay-away-ear-candles |publisher=[[WebMD]] |editor=[[Food and Drug Administration]] |title=Don't Get Burned: Stay Away From Ear Candles |date= |accessdate=}}</ref>
* [[Psychic surgery]]&nbsp;– a [[sleight-of-hand]] [[confidence trick]] in which the practitioner pretends to remove a lump of tissue (typically raw animal entrails bought from a butcher) from a person. No evidence of objective benefit for any medical condition has been found.<ref name="pmid2110023">{{cite journal |vauthors= |title=Unproven methods of cancer management: "Psychic surgery" |journal=CA Cancer J Clin |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=184–88 |year=1990 |pmid=2110023 |doi=10.3322/canjclin.40.3.184|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.3322/canjclin.40.3.184/epdf }}</ref>
* [[Reiki]]&nbsp;– a procedure in which the practitioner might look at, blow on, tap and touch a patient in an attempt to affect the "energy" in their body. Although there is some evidence that reiki sessions are relaxing and so might improve general well-being, Cancer Research UK say that "there is no scientific evidence to prove that Reiki can prevent, treat or cure cancer or any other disease".<ref>{{cite web
|title=Reiki
|publisher=[[Cancer Research UK]]
|url=http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-help/about-cancer/treatment/complementary-alternative/therapies/reiki
|accessdate=}}</ref>
* [[Shiatsu]]&nbsp;– a type of alternative medicine consisting of finger and palm pressure, stretches, and other massage techniques. According to Cancer Research UK, "there is no scientific evidence to prove that shiatsu can cure or prevent any type of disease, including cancer."<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-help/about-cancer/treatment/complementary-alternative/therapies/shiatsu
|title=Shiatsu
|publisher=[[Cancer Research UK]]
|accessdate=}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Phiên bản lúc 08:58, ngày 23 tháng 7 năm 2022

Đây là danh sách các liệu pháp thay thế đã được quảng cáo có khả năng thúc đẩy điều trị hoặc ngăn ngừa bệnh ung thư ở người nhưng thiếu bằng chứng khoa học và y khoa về tính hiệu quả. Trong nhiều trường hợp, các bằng chứng khoa học chứng minh rằng các phương pháp điều trị này là không hiệu quả. Không giống như các phương pháp điều trị ung thư đã được chấp nhận, những phương pháp điều trị thiếu bằng chứng về tính hiệu quả thường bị bỏ qua hoặc tránh bởi cộng đồng y khoa, và thường được gọi là giả dược.[1]

Hệ thống chăm sóc sức khỏe thay thế

Homeopathic medicine bottle and box, marked 'RHUS TOX'
Homeopathic remedies – ineffective for treating cancer
  • Liệu pháp mùi hương– sử dụng các chất thơm, như tinh dầu, với niềm tin rằng ngữi được mùi thơm của chúng sẽ có ảnh hưởng tích cực tới sức khỏe. Có một số bằng chứng rằng liệu pháp mùi hương giúp cải thiện tổng trạng sức khỏe chung, nhưng ngoài ra nó cũng được quảng cáo cho khả năng chống lại bệnh tật, bao gồm cả ung thư. Theo Hội Ung thư Hoa kỳ "hiện không có bằng chứng khoa học hỗ trợ tuyên bố liệu pháp mùi hương có hiệu quả trong việc ngăn ngừa hoặc điều trị ung thư".[2]
  • Ayurvedic medicine – một hệ thống y học Hindu truyền thống 5000 năm có nguồn gốc từ tiểu lục địa Ấn Độ. Theo tổ chức Nghiên cứu Ung thư Vương quốc Anh "không có bằng chứng khoa học chứng minh Ayurvedic có thể điều trị hoặc chữa bệnh ung thư hay bất kỳ căn bệnh nào khác".[3]
  • German New Medicine – một hệ thống y tế nổi tiếng được đưa ra bởi Ryke Geerd Hamer (1935–2017), trong đó mọi bệnh tật được bắt nguồn từ cú sốc tâm lý và y học chính thống được xem là một âm mưu truyền bá bởi người Do Thái. Không có bằng chứng tin cậy cho tuyên bố này và cũng không có lý do sinh học chính đáng nào why it should work.[4]
  • Greek cancer cure – Một phương pháp chữa bệnh ung thư giả định được sáng chế và quảng bá bởi nhà vi sinh vật học Hariton-Tzannis Alivizatos. Nó bao gồm việc tiêm tĩnh mạch một loại chất lỏng vào cơ thể mà Aliviatos không tiết lộ công thức.[5] The American Cancer Society concluded that "there is no evidence that any aspect of the diagnostic test nor the treatment... are effective in the treatment of cancer." In addition they state "Nor is there any evidence that.. the intravenous injections are safe."[6]
  • Herbalism – a whole-body approach to promoting health, in which substances are derived from entire plants so as not to disturb what herbalists believe is the delicate chemistry of the plant as a whole.[7] According to Cancer Research UK, "there is currently no strong evidence from studies in people that herbal remedies can treat, prevent or cure cancer".[7]
  • Holistic medicine – a general term for an approach to medicine which encompasses mental and spiritual aspects, and which is manifested in sundry complementary and alternative methods. According to the American Cancer Society, "available scientific evidence does not support claims that these complementary and alternative methods, when used without mainstream or conventional medicine, are effective in treating cancer or any other disease".[8]
  • Homeopathy – a pseudoscientific system of medicine based on ultra-diluted substances. Some proponents promote homeopathy as a cancer cure; however, according to the American Cancer Society "there is no reliable evidence showing that homeopathic remedies can treat cancer in humans".[9]
  • Native American healing – shamanistic forms of medicine traditionally practiced by some indigenous American peoples and which have been claimed as being capable of curing human diseases, including cancer.[10] The American Cancer Society say that while its supportive, community aspects might improve general well-being, "available scientific evidence does not support claims that Native American healing can cure cancer or any other disease".[10]
  • Naturopathy – a system of alternative medicine based on a belief in energy forces in the body and an avoidance of conventional medicine; it is promoted as a treatment for cancer and other ailments. According to the American Cancer Society, "scientific evidence does not support claims that naturopathic medicine can cure cancer or any other disease".[11]

References

  1. ^ Green S (1997). “Pseudoscience in Alternative Medicine: Chelation Therapy, Antineoplastons, The Gerson Diet and Coffee Enemas”. Skeptical Inquirer. 21 (5): 39.
  2. ^ “Aromatherapy”. American Cancer Society. tháng 11 năm 2008.
  3. ^ “Ayurvedic medicine”. Cancer Research UK.
  4. ^ Cassileth, BR; Yarett, IR (2012). “Cancer quackery: The persistent popularity of useless, irrational 'alternative' treatments”. Oncology (Williston Park, N.Y.). 26 (8): 754–58. PMID 22957409.
  5. ^ http://www.quackwatch.org/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/Cancer/greek.html
  6. ^ “Unproven methods of cancer management: Greek cancer cure”. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 40 (6): 368–371. 1990. Truy cập ngày 8 tháng 8 năm 2018.
  7. ^ a b “Herbal medicine”. Cancer Research UK.
  8. ^ “Holistic Medicine”. American Cancer Society. tháng 1 năm 2013. Truy cập ngày 19 tháng 9 năm 2013.
  9. ^ “Homeopathy”. American Cancer Society. 12 tháng 2 năm 2013.
  10. ^ a b “Native American healing”. American Cancer Society. tháng 11 năm 2008. Truy cập ngày 22 tháng 9 năm 2013.
  11. ^ “Naturopathic Medicine”. American Cancer Society. tháng 11 năm 2008. Bản gốc lưu trữ ngày 3 tháng 4 năm 2015. Đã bỏ qua tham số không rõ |deadurl= (gợi ý |url-status=) (trợ giúp)
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