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Khác biệt giữa bản sửa đổi của “Tiếng Shilha”

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== Thư mục ==
== Thư mục ==
{{Refbegin|3}}

* {{cite journal|author=Agrour, R.|year=2012|title=A contribution to the study of an itinerant word: Chleuh|url=https://www.cairn-int.info/article-E_CEA_208_0767--a-contribution-to-the-study-of-an.htm|journal=Cahiers d'études africaines|volume=208|issue=4|pages=i-xliii}}
* {{cite book|title=Textes berbères des Aït Ouaouzguite|author=Amard, P.|publisher=Edisud|year=1997|isbn=2-85744-960-7|location=Edités et annotés par Harry Stroomer. Aix-en-Provence}}
* {{cite book|title=al-Shiʿr al-āmāzīghī al-mansūb ilā Sīdī Ḥammū al-Ṭālib|author=Amarīr, ʿU.|publisher=Maktabat Provence (in Arabic and Shilha)|year=1987|location=Casablanca}}
* {{cite book|url=http://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED089543|title=An outline of the structure of Shilḥa|author=Applegate, J.R.|publisher=American Council of Learned Societies|year=1958|location=New York}}
* {{cite book|title=Apprenons le berbère. Initiation aux dialectes chleuhs|author=Aspinion, R.|publisher=Moncho|year=1953|location=Rabat}}
* {{cite book|title=La pharmacopée marocaine traditionnelle|author=Bellakhdar, J.|publisher=Ibis Press|year=1997|isbn=2-910728-03-X|location=N.p.}}
* {{cite journal|author=Boogert, N. van den|year=1989|title=Some notes on Maghribi script|url=http://www.islamicmanuscripts.info/reference/articles/boogert_notes_maghribi_script.PDF|journal=Manuscripts of the Middle East|volume=4|pages=30–43}}
* {{cite book|title=The Berber literary tradition of the Sous|author=Boogert, N. van den|publisher=NINO|year=1997|isbn=90-6258-971-5|location=De Goeje Fund, Vol. XXVII. Leiden}}
* {{cite book|title=La révélation des énigmes. Lexiques arabo-berbères des xvii<sup>e</sup> et xviii<sup>e</sup> siècles|author=Boogert, N. van den|publisher=Irémam|year=1998|isbn=2-906809-18-7|series=Travaux et documents de l'Irémam, no. 19|location=Aix-en-Provence}}
* {{cite book|title=Etudes berères et chamito-sémitiques, Mélanges offerts à Karl-G. Prasse|author=Boogert, N. van den|publisher=Peeters (pp. 357–377)|year=2000|isbn=978-90-429-0826-0|editor=Chaker, S.|location=Paris and Louvain|chapter=Medieval Berber orthography|editor2=Zaborski, A.}}
* {{cite book|title=Articles de linguistique berbère. Mémorial Werner Vycichl|author=Boogert, N. van den|publisher=L'Harmattan (pp. 137–152)|year=2002|isbn=2747527069|editor=Naït-Zerrad, K.|location=Paris|chapter=The names of the months in medieval Berber}}
* {{cite journal|author1=Boogert, N. van den|author2=Kossmann, M.|year=1997|title=Les premiers emprunts arabes en berbère|url=https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/4151/1267577_034.pdf?sequence=1|journal=Arabica|volume=44|issue=2|pages=317–322|doi=10.1163/1570058972582506|hdl-access=free|name-list-style=amp|hdl=1887/4151}}
* {{cite book|title=Langage et culture populaires au Maroc. Essai de sociolinguistique|author=Boukous, A.|publisher=Dar El Kitab (the bland title hides a book on Shilha containing, among others, nine narrative texts with translations, pp. 152–289)|year=1977|location=Casablanca}}
* {{cite book|title=Manuel de conjugaison du tachelhit|author=Boumalk, A.|publisher=L'Harmattan|year=2004|isbn=2747555275|location=Paris}}
* {{cite book|title=Vocabulaire usuel du tachelhit (tachelhit-français)|author1=Boumalk, A.|author2=Bounfour, A.|publisher=Centre Tarik Ibn Zyad|year=2001|isbn=9954022899|location=Rabat|name-list-style=amp}}
* {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/dictionnairefra00kaougoog|title=Dictionnaire français-tachelh'it et tamazir't (dialectes berbères du Maroc)|author=Cid Kaoui, S.|publisher=Leroux|year=1907|location=Paris}}
* {{cite book|title=Le dictionnaire Colin d'arabe dialectal marocain|author=Colin, G.S.|publisher=Al Manahil, Ministère des affaires culturelles|year=1993|isbn=9981-832-03-0|location=Vol. 1–8. Edited by Z.I. Sinaceur. Rabat}}
* {{cite journal|author1=Dell, F.|author2=Elmedlaoui, M.|year=1985|title=Syllabic consonants and syllabification in Imdlawn Tashlhiyt Berber|journal=Journal of African Languages and Linguistics|volume=7|issue=2|pages=105–130|doi=10.1515/jall.1985.7.2.105|name-list-style=amp|s2cid=29304770}}
* {{cite book|title=Syllables in Tashlhiyt Berber and in Moroccan Arabic|author1=Dell, F.|author2=Elmedlaoui, M.|publisher=Kluwer|year=2002|isbn=978-1-4020-1077-4|location=Dordecht, Boston, London|name-list-style=amp}}
* {{cite book|title=Poetic metre and musical form in Tashelhiyt Berber songs|author1=Dell, F.|author2=Elmedlaoui, M.|publisher=Köppe|year=2008|isbn=978-3-89645-398-3|location=Köln|name-list-style=amp}}
* {{cite book|url=http://www.ayamun.com/destaing.pdf|title=Etude sur la tachelḥît du Soûs. Vocabulaire français-berbère|author=Destaing, E.|publisher=Leroux (reprinted 1938)|year=1920|location=Paris}}
* {{cite book|title=Textes arabes en parler des Chleuḥs du Sous (Maroc)|author=Destaing, E.|publisher=Geuthner|year=1937|location=Paris}}
* {{cite book|title=Textes berbères en parler des Chleuhs du Sous (Maroc)|author=Destaing, E.|publisher=Geuthner (contains the same texts as Destaing 1937, which see for the translations)|year=1940|location=Paris}}
* {{cite book|title=Basic linguistic theory. Volume 1, Methodology|author=Dixon, R.M.W.|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2010|isbn=978-0-19-957106-2|location=Oxford}}
* {{cite book|title=A dictionary of Moroccan Arabic|author1=Fox, M.|author2=Abu-Talib, M.|publisher=Georgetown University Press|year=1966|isbn=0-87840-007-9|location=Washington|name-list-style=amp}}
* {{cite book|title=Les langues dans le monde ancien et moderne. Troisième partie, Les langues chamito-sémitiques|author=Galand, L.|publisher=CNRS (pp. 207–242)|year=1988|isbn=2-222-04057-4|editor=D. Cohen|location=Paris|chapter=Le berbère}}
* {{cite book|title=Recueil de poèmes chleuhs|author=Galand-Pernet, P.|publisher=Klincksieck|year=1972|isbn=2-252-01415-6|location=Paris}}
* {{cite book|title=Amarg n Faṭima Tabaɛmrant|author=Gg°ijjan, Lḥusin bn Iḥya|publisher=al-Jamʿīyah al-maghribīyah li-l-baḥth wa-l-tabādul al-thaqāfī (in Shilha)|year=2002|location=Rabat}}
* {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/DiccionarioEspanolBaamraniEstebanIbanez1954|title=Diccionario Español-Baamarani (dialecto Bereber de Ifni)|author=Ibáñez, E.|publisher=Instituto de Estudios Africanos|year=1954|location=Madrid}}
* {{cite book|title=Dictionnaire berbère-français (dialectes tašelhait)|author=Jordan, A.|publisher=Omnia|year=1934|location=Rabat}}
* {{cite book|title=Textes berbères, dialecte tachelhait|author=Jordan, A.|publisher=Omnia|year=1935|location=Rabat}}
* {{cite book|title=Les éléments de la versification en berbère marocain, tamazight et tachlhit|author=Jouad, H.|publisher=Thèse en vue du Doctorat de 3ème cycle|year=1983|location=Paris}}
* {{cite book|title=Le calcul inconscient de l'improvisation. Poésie berbère. Rythme, nombre et sens|author=Jouad, H.|publisher=Peeters|year=1995|isbn=9789068317503|location=Paris, Louvain}}
* {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/justinard|title=Manuel de berbère marocain (dialecte chleuh)|author=Justinard, L.|publisher=Librairie orientale & américaine|year=1914|location=Paris}}
* {{cite book|title=Un petit royaume berbère: le Tazeroualt.|author=Justinard, L.|publisher=Librairie orientale & américaine|year=1954|location=Paris}}
* {{cite book|title=The Afroasiatic languages|author=Kossmann, M.|publisher=Cambridge University Press (pp. 18–101)|year=2012|isbn=978-0-521-86533-3|editor=Frajzyngier, Z.|location=Cambridge|chapter=Berber|editor2=Shay, E.}}
* {{cite book|title=The Arabic influence on Northern Berber|author=Kossmann, M.|publisher=Brill|year=2013|isbn=978-90-04-25308-7|location=Leiden}}
* {{cite book|title=Phonologies of Asia and Africa|author1=Kossmann, M.G.|author2=Stroomer, H.J.|publisher=Eisenbrauns (pp. 461–475)|year=1997|isbn=1-57506-017-5|editor=Kaye, A.S.|location=Vol. 1. Winona Lake, Indiana|chapter=Berber phonology|name-list-style=amp}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Lahrouchi|first1=Mohamed|last2=Ségéral|first2=Philippe|date=July 2009|title=Morphologie gabaritique et apophonie dans un langage secret féminin (taqjmit) en berbère tachelhit|url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00437910/file/Morphologie%20gabaritique%20et%20apophonie%20dans%20un%20langage%20secret%20f%C3%A9minin%20en%20berb%C3%A8re%20tachelhit%20version%20finale.pdf|journal=Canadian Journal of Linguistics|volume=54|issue=2|pages=291–316|doi=10.1017/S0008413100001262|issn=0008-4131|s2cid=220973309|name-list-style=amp}}
* {{cite journal|author=Lahrouchi, Mohamed|year=2010|title=On the Internal Structure of Tashlhiyt Berber Triconsonantal Roots|journal=Linguistic Inquiry|volume=41|issue=2|pages=255–288|doi=10.1162/ling.2010.41.2.255|s2cid=45938533}}
* {{cite book|title=Guide d'initiation au dialecte berbère Tachelḥit|author=Lamzoudi, M.|publisher=Najah El Jadida|year=1999|location=Casablanca}}
* {{cite book|title=Mots et choses berbères. Notes de linguistique et d'ethnography, dialectes du Maroc|author=Laoust, E.|publisher=Challamel|year=1920|location=Paris}}
* {{cite book|title=Cours de berbère marocain. Dialectes du Sous du Haut et de l'Anti-Atlas|author=Laoust, E.|publisher=Société d'éditions géographiques, maritimes et coloniales (first ed. Paris: Challamel, 1921)|year=1936|location=Deuxième édition revue et corrigée. Paris}}
* {{cite book|url=https://digibug.ugr.es/handle/10481/5858|title=Primera parte de la descripcion general de Affrica|author=Mármol Carvajal, L. del|publisher=Rene Rabut|year=1573|location=Granada}}
* {{cite book|title=Dictionnaire des verbes tachelhit-français|author=El Mountassir, Abdallah|publisher=L'Harmattan|year=2003|isbn=2747535770|location=Paris}}
* {{cite book|title=Méthode de tachelhit, langue amazighe (berbère) du sud du Maroc|author=El Mountassir, Abdallah|publisher=L'Asiathèque|year=2009|isbn=978-2915255843|location=Paris}}
* {{cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1141568167|title=Metodo di tachelhit : lingua amazigh (berbera) del Sud del Marocco : asselmd n-tchelhit|last=El Mountassir, Abdallah|date=2017|publisher=Unior|others=Di Tolla, Anna Maria.|isbn=978-88-6719-148-2|location=Napoli|oclc=1141568167}}
* {{cite book|url=http://friendsofmorocco.org/learnTashlheet.htm|title=Tashlheet textbook|author=Peace Corps Morocco|year=2011}}
* {{cite book|title=Textes berbères des Aït Souab, Anti-Atlas, Maroc|author=Podeur, J.|publisher=Edisud|year=1995|isbn=2-85744-826-0|location=Edités et annotés par N. van den Boogert, M. Scheltus, H. Stroomer. Aix-en-Provence}}
* {{cite journal|author=Ridouane, R.|year=2008|title=Syllables without vowels. Phonetic and phonological evidence from Tashelhiyt Berber|url=https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00382862/document|journal=Phonology|volume=25|issue=2|pages=321–359|doi=10.1017/S0952675708001498|s2cid=16558373}}
* {{cite book|url=http://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/137|title=Tonal placement in Tashlhiyt. How an intonation system accommodates to adverse phonological environments|author=Roettger, T.B.|publisher=Language Science Press (open access publication)|year=2017|isbn=978-3-944675-99-2|location=Berlin}}
* {{cite book|title=La vie berbère par les textes, parlers du sud-ouest marocain (tachelhit)|author=Roux, A.|publisher=Köppe|year=2009|isbn=978-3-89645-923-7|location=Ethnographic texts re-edited, translated into English by John Cooper. Köln}}
* {{cite book|title=L'Océan des pleurs. Poème berbère de Muḥammad al-Awzalî|author=Stricker, B.H.|publisher=E.J. Brill (Shilha text in Arabic script)|year=1960|location=Leyde}}
* {{cite book|title=Actes du 1er Congrès Chamito-Sémitique de Fès|author=Stroomer, H.|publisher=Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Faculté des lettres et des sciences humaines|year=1998|isbn=998187812X|pages=37–49|chapter=Dialect differentiation in Tachelhiyt Berber (Morocco)}}
* {{cite book|title=New Data and New Methods in Afroasiatic Linguistics: Robert Hetzron in Memoriam|author=Stroomer, H.|publisher=Harrassowitz (pp. 183–193)|year=2001a|isbn=978-3-447-04420-2|editor=Zaborski, A.|location=Wiesbaden|chapter=A Tashelhiyt Berber tale from the Goundafa region (High Atlas, Morocco)}}
* {{cite book|title=Textes berbères des Guedmioua et Goundafa (Haut Atlas, Maroc). Basés sur les documents de F. Corjon, J.-M. Franchi et J. Eugène|publisher=Edisud|year=2001b|isbn=2-7449-0263-2|editor=Stroomer, H.|location=Aix-en-Provence}}
* {{cite book|title=An anthology of Tashelhiyt Berber folk tales (South Morocco)|author=Stroomer, H.|publisher=Köppe|year=2001c|isbn=3-89645-381-5|location=Köln}}
* {{cite book|title=Tashelhiyt Berber folktales from Tazerwalt (South Morocco). A linguistic reanalysis of Hans Stumme's Tazerwalt texts with an English translation|author=Stroomer, H|publisher=Köppe|year=2002|isbn=3-89645-383-1|location=Köln}}
* {{cite book|title=Tashelhiyt Berber texts from the Ayt Brayyim, Lakhsas and Guedmioua region (south Morocco)|author=Stroomer, H.|publisher=Köppe|year=2003|isbn=3-89645-384-X|location=Köln}}
* {{cite book|title=Tashelhiyt Berber texts from the Ida u Tanan (south Morocco)|author=Stroomer, H.|publisher=Köppe|year=2004|isbn=3-89645-388-2|location=Köln}}
* {{cite book|title=Evidence and Counter-Evidence. Essays in Honour of Frederik Kortlandt. Vol. 2|author=Stroomer, H.|publisher=Rodopi (pp. 389–397)|year=2008|isbn=978-90-420-2471-7|editor1=Lubitzky, A.|location=Amsterdam|chapter=Three Tashelhiyt Berber texts from the Arsène Roux archives|display-editors=etal}}
* {{cite book|title=Dictionnaire tachelhit-français|author=Stroomer, H. (forthcoming)}}
* {{cite journal|author=Stumme, H.|year=1894|title=Elf Stücke im Šílḥa-Dialekt von Tázĕrwalt|url=http://menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/dmg/periodical/titleinfo/62778|journal=Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft|volume=48|pages=381–406}}
* {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/mrchenderschluv00stumgoog|title=Märchen der Schlūḥ von Tázerwalt|author=Stumme, H.|publisher=Hinrichs|year=1895|location=Leipzig}}
* {{cite book|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k84081d|title=Handbuch des Schilḥischen von Tazerwalt|author=Stumme, H.|publisher=Hinrichs|year=1899|location=Leipzig}}
* {{cite journal|author=Stumme, H.|year=1907|title=Mitteilungen eines Shilḥ über seine marokkanische Heimat|url=http://menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/dmg/periodical/titleinfo/63781|journal=Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft|volume=61|pages=503–541}}

{{Refend}}


== Đọc thêm ==
== Đọc thêm ==

Phiên bản lúc 14:26, ngày 17 tháng 5 năm 2024

Tiếng Shilha
Tashelhiyt
ⵜⴰⵛⵍⵃⵉⵢⵜ Tašəlḥiyt
Sử dụng tạiMaroc
Khu vựcThượng Atlas, Anti-Atlas, Sous, Draa
Tổng số người nói4.739.021 (14,1% dân số Maroc).
Dân tộcIšəlḥiyn, Šluḥ
Phân loạiPhi-Á
Hệ chữ viếtChữ Ả Rập, chữ Latinh, Tifinagh
Mã ngôn ngữ
ISO 639-3shi
Glottologtach1250[1]
  vùng nói tiếng Shilha
Bài viết này có chứa ký tự ngữ âm IPA. Nếu không thích hợp hỗ trợ dựng hình, bạn có thể sẽ nhìn thấy dấu chấm hỏi, hộp, hoặc ký hiệu khác thay vì kí tự Unicode. Để biết hướng dẫn giới thiệu về các ký hiệu IPA, xem Trợ giúp:IPA.

Tiếng Shilha là một ngôn ngữ Berber, là bản ngữ của người Shilha. Đây là ngôn ngữ của 4-8 triệu người ở tây nam Maroc. Người bản ngữ gọi ngôn ngữ của họ là ⵜⴰⵛⵍⵃⵉⵢⵜ /taʃlʜijt/, Tacelḥit trong chữ Latinh Amazigh, thường chuyển tự thành Tashelhiyt hay Tashelhit trong ấn phẩm tiếng Anh thời gian gần đây. Trong tiếng Ả Rập Maroc, ngôn ngữ này mang tên Šəlḥa, nguồn gốc của cái tên Shilha.[2] Văn liệu tiếng Pháp gọi nó là tachelhit, chelha hay chleuh.

Tiếng Shilha hiện diện trên một vùng rộng đến 100.000 km²,[3] kéo dài từ góc tây Thượng Atlas về phía nam tới sông Draa, trải lên cả dãy Anti-Atlas cùng vùng châu thổ sông Sous. Các trung tâm đô thị lớn nhất trong vùng là thành phố duyên hải Agadir (dân số hơn 400.000 người), rồi đến Guelmim, Taroudant, Oulad Teima, Tiznit, Ouarzazate.

Về cả phía bắc và nam, vùng tiếng Shilha giáp ranh vùng nói tiếng Ả Rập. Về phía đông bắc, dọc thường Marrakesh-Zagora, nó tạo nên một dãy phương ngữ với tiếng Tamazight Trung Atlas. Trong vùng tiếng Shilha, vẫn len lõi vùng nói tiếng Ả Rập, chẳng hạn thị trấn Ouled Teima. Ngoài ra, còn có cộng đồng nhập cư gốc Shilha ở các đô thị lớn miền bắc Maroc, cũng như ở Bỉ, Pháp, Đức, Canada, Hoa Kỳ và Israel.

Tiếng Shilha có một nền văn học đáng kể đặc trưng kéo dài hàng thế kỷ trước thời kỳ thuộc địa. Nhiều văn bản, viết bằng chữ Ả Rập có niên đại từ thế kỷ XVI, được lưu giữ dưới dạng bản thảo. Nền văn học in ấn hiện đại bắt đầu phát triển từ thập niên 1970.

Nguồn tham khảo

  1. ^ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin biên tập (2013). “Tachelhit”. Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
  2. ^ When referring to the language, anthropologists and historians prefer the name "Shilha", which is in the Oxford English Dictionary (OED). Linguists writing in English prefer "Tashelhiyt".
  3. ^ Vùng nói tiếng Shilha rộng ngang ngửa Iceland hay tiểu bang Kentucky, Hoa Kỳ.

Thư mục

  • Agrour, R. (2012). “A contribution to the study of an itinerant word: Chleuh”. Cahiers d'études africaines. 208 (4): i–xliii.
  • Amard, P. (1997). Textes berbères des Aït Ouaouzguite. Edités et annotés par Harry Stroomer. Aix-en-Provence: Edisud. ISBN 2-85744-960-7.
  • Amarīr, ʿU. (1987). al-Shiʿr al-āmāzīghī al-mansūb ilā Sīdī Ḥammū al-Ṭālib. Casablanca: Maktabat Provence (in Arabic and Shilha).
  • Applegate, J.R. (1958). An outline of the structure of Shilḥa. New York: American Council of Learned Societies.
  • Aspinion, R. (1953). Apprenons le berbère. Initiation aux dialectes chleuhs. Rabat: Moncho.
  • Bellakhdar, J. (1997). La pharmacopée marocaine traditionnelle. N.p.: Ibis Press. ISBN 2-910728-03-X.
  • Boogert, N. van den (1989). “Some notes on Maghribi script” (PDF). Manuscripts of the Middle East. 4: 30–43.
  • Boogert, N. van den (1997). The Berber literary tradition of the Sous. De Goeje Fund, Vol. XXVII. Leiden: NINO. ISBN 90-6258-971-5.
  • Boogert, N. van den (1998). La révélation des énigmes. Lexiques arabo-berbères des xviie et xviiie siècles. Travaux et documents de l'Irémam, no. 19. Aix-en-Provence: Irémam. ISBN 2-906809-18-7.
  • Boogert, N. van den (2000). “Medieval Berber orthography”. Trong Chaker, S.; Zaborski, A. (biên tập). Etudes berères et chamito-sémitiques, Mélanges offerts à Karl-G. Prasse. Paris and Louvain: Peeters (pp. 357–377). ISBN 978-90-429-0826-0.
  • Boogert, N. van den (2002). “The names of the months in medieval Berber”. Trong Naït-Zerrad, K. (biên tập). Articles de linguistique berbère. Mémorial Werner Vycichl. Paris: L'Harmattan (pp. 137–152). ISBN 2747527069.
  • Boogert, N. van den & Kossmann, M. (1997). “Les premiers emprunts arabes en berbère” (PDF). Arabica. 44 (2): 317–322. doi:10.1163/1570058972582506. hdl:1887/4151.
  • Boukous, A. (1977). Langage et culture populaires au Maroc. Essai de sociolinguistique. Casablanca: Dar El Kitab (the bland title hides a book on Shilha containing, among others, nine narrative texts with translations, pp. 152–289).
  • Boumalk, A. (2004). Manuel de conjugaison du tachelhit. Paris: L'Harmattan. ISBN 2747555275.
  • Boumalk, A. & Bounfour, A. (2001). Vocabulaire usuel du tachelhit (tachelhit-français). Rabat: Centre Tarik Ibn Zyad. ISBN 9954022899.
  • Cid Kaoui, S. (1907). Dictionnaire français-tachelh'it et tamazir't (dialectes berbères du Maroc). Paris: Leroux.
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