Danh sách thực vật thời tiền sử
Dưới đây là danh sách (không đầy đủ) những loài thực vật thời tiền sử.
Devonian[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
Carboniferous[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
- Annularia
- Sigillaria
- Lepidodendron
- Calamites
- Sphenophyllum
Permian[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
- Cordaites
- Glossopteris
- Sphenophyllum
Triassic[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
- Araucarioxylon[1]
- Caytoniales (extinct at the end of the Cretaceous)
- Cladophlebis
- Zamites
- Brachyphyllum
- Pleuromeia
- Pannaulika
- Sphenophyllum
Jurassic[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
- Araucaria mirabilis[2]
- Araucarites sanctaecrucis[2]
- Baiera
- Coniopteris
- Cycadeoidea
- Czekanowskia
- Eboracia
- Equisetum thermale (La Matilde Formation, Argentina)[3]
- Gleichenites
- Neocalamites
- Nilssonia
- Pararaucaria patagonica[2]
- Pterophyilum
- Schmeissneria
Cretaceous[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
- Archaeamphora (Northeastern China)
- Archaeanthus
- Archaefructus
- Ephedrites
- Liaoningocladus
- Orontium mackii (Maastrictian?, McRea Formation, North America)[4]
- Palaeoaldrovanda (Czech Republic)
- Pagiophyllum
- Pityocladus
- Podozamites
- Sagaria (Southern Italy)
- Sphenobaiera
- Williamsonia
- Williamsoniella
Paleocene[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
- Acer alaskense (Chickaloon Formation, Alaska) [5]
- Banksieaeidites (Australia) (species through the Miocene)
- Cornus piggae (Almont/Biecegal Creek, North America)[6]
- Pinus peregrinus (Golden Valley Formation)[7]
- Ginkgo cranei (Sentinel Butte Formation)[8]
- Metasequoia foxii (Paskapoo Formation, Alberta)[9]
- Montrichardia aquatica (Cerrejón Formation, Colombia)[10]
- Petrocardium (Cerrejón Formation, Colombia)[10]
Eocene[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
- Acer castorrivularis (Montana, North America)[5]
- Acer clarnoense (John Day Formation, North America)[5]
- Acer douglasense (West Foreland Formation, Alaska, North America)[5]
- Acer hillsi (Klondike Mountain Formation, Washington, North America)[5]
- Acer republicense (Klondike Mountain Formation, Washington, North America)[5]
- Acer rousei (Allenby Formation, McAbee Site, British Columbia, North America)[5]
- Acer stewarti (Allenby Formation, British Columbia, North America)[5]
- Acer stonebergae (Okanagan Highlands, North America)[5]
- Acer taurocursum (Bull Run flora, North America)[5]
- Acer toradense (Okanagan Highlands, North America)[5]
- Acer washingtonense (Klondike Mountain Formation, Washington, North America)[5]
- Actinidia oregonensis (Central Oregon, USA)[11]
- Azolla primaeva (British Columbia, Canada)[12]
- Abies milleri (British Columbia, Canada; Washington, USA)[13]
- Banksia archaeocarpa (Australia)[cần dẫn nguồn]
- Chamaecyparis eureka (Axel Heiberg Island, Canada)[14]
- Corylopsis readae (Klondike Mountain Formation, Washington, North America)[15]
- Cornus clarnensis (Central Oregon, USA)[11]
- Coryloides (Central Oregon, USA)[11]
- Corylus johnsonii (Washington, USA)[16]
- Dillhoffia (British Columbia, Canada; Washington, USA)[17]
- Diploporus (Paleocene-Eocene; Sentinel Butte Formation, Clarno Formation)[11]
- Eucommia eocenica (Claiborne Formation, southeastern North America)[18]
- Eucommia montana (Western North America)[18]
- Eucommia jeffersonensis (John Day Formation, Oregon, North America)[18]
- Eucommia rolandii (North America)[18]
- Fothergilla malloryi (Klondike Mountain Formation, Washington, North America)[15]
- Ginkgo dissecta (Ypresian, Okanagan Highlands)[19]
- Kardiasperma (Central Oregon, USA)[11]
- Langeria magnifica (Okanagan highlands, north America)[20]
- Nelumbo aureavallis (North Dakota, North America)[7]
- Neviusia dunthornei (Allenby Formation, North America)[21]
- Orontium wolfei (Okanagan Highlands)[4]
- Paleopanax (Central Oregon, USA)[11]
- Peltandra primaeva (North Dakota, USA)[7]
- Pinus driftwoodensis (Driftwood Canyon Provincial Park, British Columbia)[22]
- Rhizomnium dentatum (Baltic amber, Europe)[23]
- Rhus malloryi (Washington, USA)[20]
- Rhus rooseae (Central Oregon, USA)[11]
- Sassafras hesperia (Okanogan Highlands)[20]
- Saxonipollis ("East Germany")[cần dẫn nguồn]
- Stonebergia (British Columbia, Canada) [24]
- Taxus masonii (Central Oregon, USA)[11]
- Tilia johnsoni (Washington, USA)[20]
- Torreya clarnensis (Central Oregon, USA)[11]
- Trochodendron drachuckii (Okanogan Highlands)[25]
- Trochodendron nastae (Washington, USA)[26]
Oligocene[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
- Acer ashwilli (John Day Formation, Oregon)[5]
- Acer chaneyi (Oligocene to Miocene)[5]
- Acer dettermani (Late Eocene - Early Oligocene; Meshik Volcanics, Alaska)[5]
- Acer ivanofense (Late Eocene - Early Oligocene; Meshick Volcanics, Alaska)[5]
- Acer kenaicum (Oligocene; Kenai Group, Alaska)[5]
- Banksia novae-zelandiae (South Island, New Zealand) (Straddles the Oligocene-Miocene boundary)
Miocene[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
- Acer browni (western North America)[5]
- Acer latahense (western North America)[5]
- Acer smileyi (Late Oligocene-Middle Miocene; western North America)[5]
- Acer traini (western North America)[5]
- Carya washingtonensis (Washington State, North America)[27]
- Droserapites (Taiwan)
- Droserapollis (Taiwan)
- Hymenaea allendis (Late Oligocene - early Eocene; Mexican Amber)[28]
- Hymenaea mexicana (Late Oligocene - early Eocene; Mexican Amber)[28]
- Hymenaea protera (Dominican amber)
- Osmunda wehrii (Yakima Canyon Flora, North America)[29]
- Palaeoraphe (Dominican Republic)[30]
- Roystonea palaea (Dominican amber)[30]
- Sequoiadendron chaneyi (Western North America)[31]
- Wessiea yakimaensis (Yakima Canyon Flora, North America)[32]
Pliocene[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
- Acer palaeorufinerve (Miocene - Pliocene; East Asia and possibly Alaska?)[5]
- Pinus matthewsii[33]
Pleistocene[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
- Banksia kingii (Western Tasmania)
- Banksia strahanensis (Western Tasmania)
- Picea critchfieldi (North America)
Chú thích[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]
- ^ F. H. Knowlton (1889), "New species of fossil wood (Araucarioxylon arizonicum) from Arizona and New Mexico", Proceedings of the United States National Museum
- ^ a b c Mary Gordon Calder (1953). “A coniferous petrified forest in Patagonia” (PDF). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Geology. The British Museum. 2 (2): 97–138.
- ^ Channing, A.; Zamuner, A.; Edwards, D.; Guido, D. (2011). “Equisetum thermale sp. nov. (Equisetales) from the Jurassic San Agustin hot spring deposit, Patagonia: Anatomy, paleoecology, and inferred paleoecophysiology”. American Journal of Botany. 98 (4): 680–697. doi:10.3732/ajb.1000211. PMID 21613167.
- ^ a b Bogner, J.; Johnson, K. R.; Kvacek, Z.; Upchurch, G. R. (2007). “New fossil leaves of Araceae from the Late Cretaceous and Paleogene of western North America” (PDF). Zitteliana. A (47): 133–147. ISSN 1612-412X.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Wolfe, J.A.; Tanai, T. (1987). “Systematics, Phylogeny, and Distribution of Acer (maples) in the Cenozoic of Western North America”. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series 4, Geology and mineralogy. 22 (1): 1–246. Bản gốc lưu trữ ngày 4 tháng 10 năm 2011. Truy cập ngày 30 tháng 6 năm 2015.
- ^ Manchester, S.R.; Xiang, X-P.; Xiang, Q-Y (2010). “Fruits of Cornelian Cherries (Cornaceae: Cornus Subg. Cornus) in the Paleocene and Eocene of the Northern Hemisphere” (PDF). International Journal of Plant Sciences. 171 (8): 882–891. doi:10.1086/655771.[liên kết hỏng]
- ^ a b c Hickey, Leo (1977). Stratigraphy and Paleobotany of the Golden Valley Formation (Early Tertiary) of Western North Dakota. Boulder, Colorado: Geological Society of America. ISBN 0-8137-1150-9.
- ^ Zhou, Z.; Quan, C.; Liu, Y-S (2012). “Tertiary Ginkgo ovulate organs with associated leaves from North Dakota, U.S.A., and their evolutionary significance”. International Journal of Plant Sciences. 173 (1): 67–80. doi:10.1086/662651.
- ^ Stockey, R. A.; Rothwell, G. W.; Falder, A. B. (2001). “Diversity among Taxodioid Conifers: Metasequoia foxii sp. nov. from the Paleocene of Central Alberta, Canada”. International Journal of Plant Sciences. 162 (1): 221–234. doi:10.1086/317914.
- ^ a b Herrera, F.A.; Jaramillo, C.A.; Dilcher, D.L.; Wing, S.L.; Gómez-N, C. (2007). “Fossil Araceae from a Paleocene neotropical rainforest in Colombia”. American Journal of Botany. 95: 1569–1583. doi:10.3732/ajb.0800172. PMID 21628164.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Manchester, S.R. (1994). “Fruits and Seeds of the Middle Eocene Nut Beds Flora, Clarno Formation, Oregon”. Palaeontographica Americana. 58: 30-31.
- ^ Arnold, C. A. (1955). “A Tertiary Azolla from British Columbia” (PDF). Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan. 12 (4): 37–45.
- ^ Schorn, Howard; Wehr, Wesley (1986). “Abies milleri, sp. nov., from the Middle Eocene Klondike Mountain Formation, Republic, Ferry County, Washington”. Burke Museum Contributions in Anthropology and Natural History (1): 1–7.
- ^ Kotyk, M.E.A.; Basinger, J.F.; McIlver, E.E. (2003). “Early Tertiary Chamaecyparis Spach from Axel Heiberg Island, Canadian High Arctic”. Canadian Journal of Botany. 81: 113–130. doi:10.1139/B03-007.
- ^ a b Radtke, M.G.; Pigg, K.B.; Wehr, W.C. (2005). “Fossil Corylopsis and Fothergilla Leaves (Hamamelidaceae) from the Lower Eocene Flora of Republic, Washington, U.S.A., and Their Evolutionary and Biogeographic Significance”. International Journal of Plant Sciences. 166 (2): 347–356. doi:10.1086/427483.
- ^ Pigg, K.B.; Manchester S.R.; Wehr W.C. (2003). “Corylus, Carpinus, and Palaeocarpinus (Betulaceae) from the Middle Eocene Klondike Mountain and Allenby Formations of Northwestern North America”. International Journal of Plant Sciences. 164 (5): 807–822. doi:10.1086/376816.
- ^ Manchester, S.; Pigg, K. (2008). “The Eocene mystery flower of McAbee, British Columbia”. Botany. 86: 1034–1038. doi:10.1139/B08-044.
- ^ a b c d Call, V.B.; Dilcher, D.L. (1997). “The fossil record of Eucommia (Eucommiaceae) in North America” (PDF). American Journal of Botany. 84 (6): 798–814. doi:10.2307/2445816. PMID 21708632. Bản gốc (PDF) lưu trữ ngày 7 tháng 10 năm 2008. Truy cập ngày 30 tháng 6 năm 2015.
- ^ Mustoe, G.E. (2002). “Eocene Ginkgo leaf fossils from the Pacific Northwest”. Canadian Journal of Botany. 80: 1078–1087. doi:10.1139/b02-097.
- ^ a b c d Wolfe, J.A.; Wehr, W.C. (1987). “Middle Eocene dicotyledonous plants from Republic, northeastern Washington”. United states Geological Survey Bulletin. 1597: 1–25.
- ^ DeVore, M.L.; Moore, S.M.; Pigg, K.B.; Wehr, W.C. (2004). “Fossil Neviusia leaves (Rosaceae: Kerrieae) from the Lower Middle Eocene of Southern British Columbia”. Rhodora. 12 (927): 197–209. JSTOR 23314752.
- ^ Stockey, R.S. (1983). “Pinus driftwoodensis sp.n. from the early Tertiary of British Columbia”. Botanical gazette. 144 (1): 148–156. doi:10.1086/337355. JSTOR 2474678.
- ^ Heinrichs, J; Hedenäs, L; Schäfer-Verwimp, A; Feldberg, K; Schmidt, AR (2014). “An in situ preserved moss community in Eocene Baltic amber”. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 210: 113–118.
- ^ Wolfe, J.A.; Wehr, W.C. (1988). “Rosaceous Chamaebatiaria-like foliage from the Paleogene of western North America”. Aliso. 12 (1): 177–200.
- ^ Pigg, K.B.; Dillhoff, R.M.; DeVore, M.L.; Wehr, W.C. (2007). “New diversity among the Trochodendraceae from the Early/Middle Eocene Okanogan Highlands of British Columbia, Canada, and Northeastern Washington State, United States”. International Journal of Plant Sciences. 168 (4): 521–532. doi:10.1086/512104.
- ^ Pigg, K.B.; Wehr, W.C.; Ickert-Bond, S.M. (2001). “Trochodendron and Nordenskioldia (Trochodendraceae) from the Middle Eocene of Washington State, U.S.A.”. International Journal of Plant Sciences. 162 (5): 1187–1198. doi:10.1086/321927.
- ^ Manchester, S.R. (1987). “The fossil history of the Juglandaceae”. Monographs in Systematic Botany. 21: 1–137.
- ^ a b Calvillo-Canadell, L.; Cevallos-Ferriz, S.R.S.; Rico-Arce, L. (2010). “Miocene Hymenaea flowers preserved in amber from Simojovel de Allende, Chiapas, Mexico”. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 160 (3–4): 126–134. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2010.02.007.
- ^ Miller, C.N. jr. (1982). “Osmunda wehrii, a New Species Based on Petrified Rhizomes from the Miocene of Washington”. American Journal of Botany. 69 (1): 116–121. JSTOR 2442836.
- ^ a b Poinar, G. (2002). “Fossil palm flowers in Dominican and Baltic amber”. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 139 (4): 361–367. doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2002.00052.x.
- ^ Axelrod, D. (1980). “Contributions to the Neogene paleobotany of central California”. University of California publications in geological sciences. 121: 1–212.
- ^ Pigg, K.B. (2001). “Anatomically preserved Woodwardia virginica (Blechnaceae) and a new Filicalean fern from the Middle Miocene Yakima Canyon Flora of central Washington, USA”. American Journal of Botany. 88 (5): 777–787. doi:10.2307/2657030.
- ^ McKown, A.D.; Stockey, R.A.; Schweger, C.E. (2002). “A New Species of Pinus Subgenus Pinus Subsection Contortae From Pliocene Sediments of Ch'ijee's Bluff, Yukon Territory, Canada” (PDF). International Journal of Plant Sciences. 163 (4): 687–697. doi:10.1086/340425. Bản gốc (PDF) lưu trữ ngày 21 tháng 2 năm 2008. Truy cập ngày 30 tháng 6 năm 2015.