Al-Ghazali

Persian scholar Thời Trung Cổ (Thời đại hoàng kim của đạo Hồi)
Tên:	Ghazali (Algazel)
Sinh:	1058 C.E. (450 AH)
Mất:	1111 C.E. (505 AH)
Trường phái:	Sufism, Sunni (Shafi'ite), Asharite
Quan tâm chính:	Sufism, Islamic Theology (Kalam), Islamic Philosophy, Islamic Psychology, Logic, Islamic Law, Islamic Jurisprudence, Cosmology
Ảnh hưởng bởi:	Shafi'i, Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari, al-Juwayni, Avicenna
Ảnh hưởng tới:	Averroes, Nicholas of Autrecourt, Thomas Aquinas, Abdul-Qader Bedil, René Descartes, Maimonides, Raymund Martin, Fakhruddin Razi, Shah Waliullah

Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Ghazālī (1058 – 1111) (tiếng Ba Tư: ابو حامد محمد ابن محمد الغزالی or امام محمد غزالی), thường gọi Algazel trong tiếng Anh, sinh và mất tại Tous (Đế quốc Ba Tư), là một nhà thần học về đạo Hồi, luật sư, nhà triết học, nhà vũ trụ học, tâm lý học, nhà thần học người Ba Tư.

Các tác phẩm

Theology

• al-Munqidh min al-dalal (Rescuer from Error)
• Hujjat al-Haq (Proof of the Truth)
• al-Iqtisad fil-i`tiqad (Median in Belief)
• al-maqsad al-asna fi sharah asma' Allahu al-husna (The best means in explaining Allah's Beautiful Names)
• Jawahir al-Qur'an wa duraruh (Jewels of the Qur'an and its Pearls)
• Fayasl al-tafriqa bayn al-Islam wa-l-zandaqa (The Criterion of Distinction between Islam and Clandestine Unbelief)
• Mishkat al-Anwar (The Niche of Lights)
• Tafsir al-yaqut al-ta'wil
• Sirr al-`Alamin (Secret of the Worlds)

Sufism

• Mizan al-'amal (Criterion of Action)
• Ihya' ulum al-din, "Revival of Religious Sciences", Ghazali's most important work
• Bidayat al-hidayah (Beginning of Guidance)
• Kimiya-ye sa'ādat (The Alchemy of Happiness) [a résumé of Ihya'ul ulum, in Persian]
• Nasihat al-muluk (Counseling Kings) [in Persian]
• al-Munqidh min al-dalal (Rescuer from Error)
• Minhaj al-'Abidin (Methodology for the Worshipers)

Phần mộ được tin là của Al-Ghazali

Philosophy

• Maqasid al falasifa (Aims of Philosophers) [written in the beginning of his life, in favour of philosophy and presenting the basic theories in Philosophy, mostly influenced by Avicenna's works]
• Tahafut al-Falasifa (The Incoherence of the Philosophers), [in this book he refutes the Greek Philosophy aiming at Avicenna and Al-Farabi; and of which Ibn Rushd wrote his famous refutation Tahafut al-tahafut (The Incoherence of the Incoherence)]
• Miyar al-Ilm fi fan al-Mantiq (Criterion of Knowledge in the Art of Logic)
• Mihak al-Nazar fi al-mantiq (Touchstone of Reasoning in Logic)
• al-Qistas al-mustaqim (The Correct Balance)

Jurisprudence

• Fatawy al-Ghazali (Verdicts of al-Ghazali)
• Al-wasit fi al-mathab (The medium [digest] in the Jurisprudential school)
• Kitab tahzib al-Isul (Prunning on Legal Theory)
• al-Mustasfa fi 'ilm al-isul (The Clarified in Legal Theory)
• Asas al-Qiyas (Foundation of Analogical reasoning)

Văn học

• Laoust, H: La politique de Gazali, Paris 1970
• Campanini, M.: Al-Ghazzali, in S.H. Nasr and O. Leaman, History of Islamic Philosophy 1996
• Watt, W. M.: Muslim Intellectual: A Study of al-Ghazali, Edinburgh 1963
• Zwemer, S. M. A Moslem Seeker after God, New York 1920
• Nakamura, K. Al-Ghazali, Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Ghi chú

• Haque, Amber (2004), "Psychology from Islamic Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary Muslim Psychologists", Journal of Religion and Health 43 (4): 357-377

Liên kết ngoài

• Website về Al-Ghazali
• ihya.info Website về Al-Ghazali (2)
• Danh sách đầy đủ về Incoherence of the Philosophers, từ Website về Al-Ghazali
• Public Domain documentary on al-Ghazali
• Al-Ghazali - mục từ tại Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy ngày Frank Griffel
• Short commentary on The Alchemy of Happiness
• The Alchemy of Happiness, by Mohammed Al-Ghazzali, the Mohammedan Philosopher, trans. Henry A. Homes (Albany, N.Y.: Munsell, 1873). See original text in The Online Library of Liberty.