George Cukor

George Cukor
Sinh	George Dewey Cukor (1899-07-07)7 tháng 7, 1899 Manhattan, New York, Hoa Kỳ
Mất	24 tháng 1, 1983(1983-01-24) (83 tuổi) Los Angeles, California, Hoa Kỳ
Nguyên nhân mất	Bệnh tim
Nơi an nghỉ	Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale, California
Nghề nghiệp	Đạo diễn
Năm hoạt động	1930–81

George Dewey Cukor (/ˈkjuːkər/; 7 Tháng Bảy năm 1899 - 24 tháng 1 năm 1983) là một đạo diễn phim người Mỹ. Ông chủ yếu tập trung vào các phim hài và phim chuyển thể văn học. Sự nghiệp của ông phát triển mạnh mẽ tại studio RKO khi David O. Selznick, Giám đốc sản xuất của studio, giao Cukor đạo diễn một số bộ phim lớn của RKO, bao gồm What Price Hollywood? (1932), A Bill of Divorcement (1932), Our Betters (1933), và Little Women (1933). Khi Selznick chuyển đến MGM vào năm 1933, Cukor cũng đi theo và đạo diễn các phim Dinner at Eight (1933) và David Copperfield (1935) cho Selznick; Romeo and Juliet (1936) và Camille (1936) cho Irving Thalberg.

Ông đã bị thay thế khỏi vị trí đạo diễn của phim Cuốn theo chiều gió (1939), nhưng ông đã đạo diễn các phim The Philadelphia Story (1940), Gaslight (1944), Adam's Rib (1949), Born Yesterday (1950), A Star Is Born (1954), Bhowani Junction (1956), và My Fair Lady (1964). Ông tiếp tục làm việc cho tới những năm 1980.

Sự nghiệp điện ảnh

Năm	Phim	Studio	Thể loại	Cast	Notes
1930	Grumpy	Paramount Pictures	Drama	Cyril Maude	Co-directed with Cyril Gardner
1930	The Virtuous Sin	Paramount Pictures	Drama	Kay Francis, Walter Huston, Kenneth MacKenna	Co-directed with Louis J. Gasnier
1930	The Royal Family of Broadway	Paramount Pictures	Comedy	Fredric March, Ina Claire	Co-directed with Cyril Gardner
1931	Tarnished Lady	Paramount Pictures	Drama	Tallulah Bankhead, Clive Brook, Alexander Kirkland
1931	Girls About Town	Paramount Pictures	Comedy	Kay Francis, Lilyan Tashman, Joel McCrea
1932	One Hour with You	Paramount Pictures	Musical	Maurice Chevalier, Jeanette MacDonald	Directed part of the film when Ernst Lubitsch took ill and was credited as dialogue director
1932	Une heure près de toi	Paramount Pictures	Musical	Maurice Chevalier, Jeanette MacDonald	French version of One Hour With You / Co-directed with Ernst Lubitsch
1932	What Price Hollywood?	RKO	Drama	Constance Bennett, Lowell Sherman, Neil Hamilton
1932	A Bill of Divorcement	RKO	Drama	John Barrymore, Billie Burke, Katharine Hepburn
1932	Rockabye	RKO	Drama	Constance Bennett, Joel McCrea, Paul Lukas	David O. Selznick hired Cukor to film two weeks of retakes after the initial film by George Fitzmaurice did not meet expectations
1932	The Animal Kingdom	RKO	Drama	Leslie Howard, Ann Harding, Myrna Loy	Uncredited
1933	Our Betters	RKO	Drama	Constance Bennett
1933	Dinner At Eight	MGM	Drama	John Barrymore, Jean Harlow, Marie Dressler, Lionel Barrymore, Billie Burke, Wallace Beery
1933	Little Women	RKO	Drama	Katharine Hepburn, Joan Bennett, Douglass Montgomery
1934	Manhattan Melodrama	MGM, Cosmopolitan Pictures	Crime	Clark Gable, William Powell, Myrna Loy	Directed additional scenes after production
1935	David Copperfield	MGM	Drama	Freddie Bartholomew, W. C. Fields, Lionel Barrymore
1935	No More Ladies	MGM	Comedy	Joan Crawford, Robert Montgomery, Franchot Tone	Completed filming when Edward H. Griffith took ill
1935	Sylvia Scarlett	RKO	Comedy	Katharine Hepburn, Cary Grant, Brian Aherne
1936	Romeo and Juliet	MGM	Romance	Norma Shearer, Leslie Howard, John Barrymore, Basil Rathbone
1936	Camille	MGM	Romance	Greta Garbo, Robert Taylor, Henry Daniell
1938	I Met My Love Again	Walter Wanger Productions	Romance	Joan Bennett, Henry Fonda	Assisted Joshua Logan in directing parts of the film
1938	The Adventures of Tom Sawyer	David O. Selznick	Adventure	Tommy Kelly, Jackie Moran	Shot some retakes after production completed
1938	Holiday	Columbia	Drama	Katharine Hepburn, Cary Grant
1939	Zaza	Paramount	Drama	Claudette Colbert, Herbert Marshall
1939	The Women	MGM	Drama	Norma Shearer, Joan Crawford, Rosalind Russell
1939	Gone With the Wind	David O. Selznick	Drama	Vivien Leigh, Clark Gable, Olivia De Havilland, Leslie Howard	Fired in the early stages of production, a few of his scenes remain in the finished film
1940	Susan and God	MGM	Comedy	Joan Crawford, Fredric March
1940	The Philadelphia Story	MGM	Comedy	Katharine Hepburn, Cary Grant, Jimmy Stewart	Nominated for Six Oscars Including Best Picture
1941	A Woman's Face	MGM	Drama	Joan Crawford, Melvyn Douglas, Conrad Veidt
1941	Two-Faced Woman	MGM	Comedy	Greta Garbo, Melvyn Douglas, Constance Bennett
1942	Her Cardboard Lover	MGM	Comedy	Norma Shearer, Robert Taylor, George Sanders
1942	Keeper of the Flame	MGM	Drama	Spencer Tracy, Katharine Hepburn
1943	Resistance and Ohm's Law	Army Signal Corps	Documentary	short film
1944	Gaslight	MGM	Drama	Ingrid Bergman, Charles Boyer, Joseph Cotten	Nominated for seven Oscars, including Best Picture
1944	Winged Victory	20th Century Fox	War	Ensemble cast
1944	I'll Be Seeing You	David O. Selznick	Drama	Ginger Rogers, Joseph Cotten, Shirley Temple	Replaced by William Dieterle during production
1947	Desire Me	MGM	Drama	Greer Garson, Robert Mitchum	Contributed to the film along with 4 other directors
1947	A Double Life	Garson Kanin	Film noir	Ronald Colman, Signe Hasso, Shelley Winters
1949	Edward, My Son	MGM	Drama	Spencer Tracy, Deborah Kerr
1949	Adam's Rib	MGM	Comedy	Spencer Tracy, Katharine Hepburn, Judy Holliday
1950	A Life of Her Own	MGM	Drama	Lana Turner, Ray Milland
1950	Born Yesterday	Columbia	Comedy	Judy Holliday, Broderick Crawford, William Holden	Nominated for five Oscars including Best Picture
1951	The Model and the Marriage Broker	20th Century Fox	Comedy	Thelma Ritter, Jeanne Crain, Scott Brady
1952	The Marrying Kind	Columbia	Comedy	Judy Holliday, Aldo Ray
1952	Pat and Mike	MGM	Comedy	Spencer Tracy, Katharine Hepburn, Aldo Ray
1953	The Actress	MGM	Comedy	Spencer Tracy, Teresa Wright, Jean Simmons
1954	It Should Happen to You	Columbia	Comedy	Judy Holliday, Peter Lawford, Jack Lemmon
1954	A Star Is Born	Warner Bros., Transcona Enterprises	Drama	Judy Garland, James Mason	Partially lost film
1956	Bhowani Junction	MGM	Drama	Ava Gardner, Stewart Granger
1957	Les Girls	MGM	Musical	Gene Kelly, Mitzi Gaynor, Kay Kendall
1957	Wild Is the Wind	Paramount Pictures	Drama	Anna Magnani, Anthony Quinn
1958	Hot Spell	Paramount Pictures	Drama	Shirley Booth, Anthony Quinn, Shirley MacLaine	Uncredited
1960	Heller in Pink Tights	Paramount Pictures	Western	Sophia Loren, Anthony Quinn, Steve Forrest	The final film was disavowed by Cukor
1960	Song Without End	William Goetz	Drama	Dirk Bogarde, Capucine, Genevieve Page	Completed the film when Charles Vidor died during production
1960	Let's Make Love	The Company of Artists	Musical	Marilyn Monroe, Yves Montand, Tony Randall
1962	Something's Got to Give	20th Century Fox	Comedy	Marilyn Monroe, Dean Martin, Cyd Charisse	The film was abandoned after Monroe's death / 37 minutes of footage survives
1962	The Chapman Report	DFZ Productions	Drama	Shelley Winters, Jane Fonda, Claire Bloom, Glynis Johns
1964	My Fair Lady	Warner Bros.	Musical	Audrey Hepburn, Rex Harrison	Winner Of Eight Oscars Including Best Picture
1969	Justine	20th Century Fox	Drama	Michael York, Anouk Aimée, Dirk Bogarde	Replaced Joseph Strick shortly after production began
1972	Travels with My Aunt	MGM	Comedy	Maggie Smith, Alec McCowen, Cindy Williams
1975	Love Among the Ruins	American Broadcasting Company	Drama	Katharine Hepburn, Laurence Olivier	Television film
1976	The Blue Bird	20th Century Fox, Lenfilm Studio, Tower International, Wenks Films	Drama	Elizabeth Taylor, Jane Fonda, Ava Gardner
1979	The Corn is Green	Warner Bros. Television	Drama	Katharine Hepburn, Bill Fraser, Ian Saynor	Television film
1981	Rich And Famous	MGM, Jaquet	Drama	Jacqueline Bisset, Candice Bergen

Giải thưởng và đề cử

Giải Oscar

Năm	Thể loại	Phim	Kết quả	Lost to
1932/33	Đạo diễn xuất sắc nhất	Little Women	Frank Lloyd với phim Cavalcade
1940	Đạo diễn xuất sắc nhất	The Philadelphia Story	John Ford với phim The Grapes of Wrath
1947	Đạo diễn xuất sắc nhất	A Double Life	Elia Kazan với phim Gentleman's Agreement
1950	Đạo diễn xuất sắc nhất	Born Yesterday	Joseph L. Mankiewicz với phim All About Eve
1965	Đạo diễn xuất sắc nhất	My Fair Lady

Giải Quả cầu vàng

Năm	Thể loại	Phim	Kết quả	Lost to
1950	Đạo diễn xuất sắc nhất	Born Yesterday	Billy Wilder với phim Sunset Boulevard
1962	Đạo diễn xuất sắc nhất	The Chapman Report	David Lean với phimLawrence of Arabia
1964	Đạo diễn xuất sắc nhất	My Fair Lady

Sách tham khảo

• Hillstrom, Laurie Collier, International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers. Detroit: St. James Press, 1997. ISBN 1-55862-302-7.
• Katz, Ephraim, The Film Encyclopedia. New York: HarperCollins, 2001. ISBN 0-06-273755-4.
• Myrick, Susan, White Columns in Hollywood: Reports from the GWTW Sets. Macon, Georgia: Mercer University Press, 1982 ISBN 0-86554-044-6.
• Wakeman, John, World Film Directors. New York: H. W. Wilson Company 1987. ISBN 0-8242-0757-2.

Liên kết ngoài

• George Cukor trên IMDb
• George Cukor tại Internet Broadway DatabaseInternet Broadway Database
• George Cukor trên trang TCM Movie DatabaseTCM Movie Database
• Cukor bibliography at UC Berkeley Media Resources Center
• Senses of Cinema: Great Directors Critical Database
• Literature on George Cukor
• George Cukor papers, Margaret Herrick Library, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences