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{| class="wikitable"
Chorus—of Prisoners.
|YEAR
|DATE
|EVENTS
|COUNTRY
|-
|1917
|October
|The October Revolution; Vladimir Lenin establishes a Communist government.
|Soviet Union
|-
|1922
|
|Joseph Stalin becomes general secretary of the Communist party.
|Soviet Union
|-
|1945
|February
|Poland’s postwar fate is decided at Yalta.
|Poland
|-
|1945
|February
|At Yalta, the Allies agree to allow the Soviets to retain positions in Eastern Europe.
|Soviet Union
|-
|1946
|February
|Hungary is declared a republic after the abolition of the monarchy.
|Hungary
|-
|1946
|November
|A Communist-dominated front takes control.
|Romania
|-
|1947
|January
|The Communist party gains control.
|Poland
|-
|1947
|August
|Elections give the Communist-dominated leftist block 46 percent of the vote.
|Hungary
|-
|1948
|May
|The Communist-dominated National Front wins an electoral victory.
|Czechoslovakia
|-
|1948
|June
|Soviets begin a blockade of Berlin, and Allies respond with an airlift.
|East Germany
|-
|1953
|March 5,
|Stalin dies; Nikita Khrushchev succeeds him.
|Soviet Union
|-
|1955
|May 14,
|The Warsaw Pact is formed.
|Soviet Union
|-
|1956
|June
|Strikes break out in Poznan; 57 people are killed.
|Poland
|-
|1956
|October /


November
Oh, what a pleasure once again
|Imre Nagy becomes prime minister; more than twenty thousand people are killed in two waves of Soviet invasions.

|Hungary
Freely to breathe the fresh air!
|-

|1956
In Heaven
|November

From death we have escaped.
|Nagy is replaced by Janos Kadar.
|Hungary

|-
One of them.
|1961

|August
Let us in Heaven trust;
|The Berlin Wall is erected.

|East Germany
On Heaven depend our hopes:
|-

|1964
He will on our griefs look with pity.
|October

|Khrushchev is ousted and replaced as general secretary by Leonid Brezhnev.
On His goodness all things depend.
|Soviet Union

|-
All.
|1965

|July
Oh, liberty! oh, salvation!
|Nicolae Ceausescu becomes general secretary.

|Romania
Oh, God, upon our miseries have pity!
|-

|1968
Prisoner.
|January

|The beginning of the Prague Spring.
Silence! make no noise!
|Czechoslovakia

|-
Pizarro
|1968

|March
All.
|Student riots take place in Warsaw.

|Poland
Silence! make no noise!
|-

|1968
Pizarro
|August 31,

|Soviet troops lead a Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia.
Oh! what a pleasure once again
|Czechoslovakia

|-
Freely to breathe the fresh air!
|1969

|March
In Heaven
|Gustav Husak becomes general secretary.

|Czechoslovakia
From death we have escaped.
|-
|1970
|December
|Riots and strikes occur in Polish coastal cities; more than three hundred are reported killed.
|Poland
|-
|1971
|May
|Erich Honecker becomes general secretary.
|East Germany
|-
|1977
|January
|Charter 77 is circulated.
|Czechoslovakia
|-
|1977
|August
|Miners in the Jiu Valley strike over living standards and pension cuts.
|Romania
|-
|1978
|October 16,
|Cardinal Karol Wojtyla of Krakow is elected Pope, taking the name John Paul II.
|Poland
|-
|1980
|January 15,
|Five thousand demonstrators in Prague’s Wenceslas Square commemorate Jan Palach’s suicide in 1969; Vaclav Havel and other dissidents are arrested.
|Czechoslovakia
|-
|1980
|August
|Eighty thousand workers take over the Lenin Shipyard in Gdansk; strikes break out throughout the country.
|Poland
|-
|1980
|August 31,
|Poland’s Communist government signs agreement with strike committee in Gdansk; Solidarity era begins.
|Poland
|-
|1981
|December 13,
|Martial law is imposed; Solidarity is banned; thousands are imprisoned.
|Poland
|-
|1985
|March 11,
|Mikhail Gorbachev is named as general secretary.
|Soviet Union
|-
|1986
|March 17,
|The Communist party approves “truly revolutionary changes” in the economy.
|Soviet Union
|-
|1987
|November
|More than ten thousand people demonstrate in Brasov.
|Romania
|-
|1987
|December
|Husak is replaced by Milos Jakes.
|Czechoslovakia
|-
|1988
|February 26,
|More than seven hundred thousand people protest in Azerbaijan and Armenia
|Soviet Union
|-
|1988
|May/August
|Massive strikes break out across the country; on both occasions, strikers demand restoration of Solidarity.
|Poland
|-
|1989
|February 6,
|First “roundtable” meeting takes place between government and Solidarity.
|Poland
|-
|1989
|February 11,
|The government approves the creation of independent parties.
|Hungary
|-
|1989
|March
|More than 75 thousand march in Budapest calling for the withdrawal of Soviet troops and free elections.
|Hungary
|-
|1989
|March
|Human rights activists send an open letter of protest to Ceausescu.
|Romania
|-
|1989
|March
|In the first free elections since 1917, scores of Party officials suffer humiliating defeats.
|Soviet Union
|-
|1989
|April 1,
|Soviet troops begin to withdraw from Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and East Germany.
|Soviet Union
|-
|1989
|April 7,
|Government agress to relegalize Solidarity and hold partly free elections.
|Poland
|-
|1989
|May 2,
|Hungary begins dismantling its portion of the iron curtain along its border with Austria.
|Hungary
|-
|1989
|May 8,
|Janos Kadar is replaced by Karoly Grosz as general secretary.
|Hungary
|-
|1989
|June 4,
|Solidarity candidates triumph in Eastern Europe’s freest elections ever held under Communist rule.
|Poland
|-
|1989
|June 16,
|Imre Nagy is reburied in a huge anti-Communist rally.
|Hungary
|-
|1989
|July
|Ceausescu plays host to Warsaw Pact leaders.
|Romania
|-
|1989
|August 24,
|Tadeusz Mazowiecki is confirmed as prime minister and forms the first non-Communist government in Eastern Europe since 1948.
|Poland
|-
|1989
|September 10,
|Border with Austria is opened to East Germans wishing to leave.
|Hungary
|-
|1989
|October 7,
|The Communist party dissolves itself and becomes the Socialist party.
|Hungary
|-
|1989
|October 7,
|Mikhail Gorbachev warns Honecker that “life punishes those who delay.”
|East Germany
|-
|1989
|October 9,
|Honecker’s orders for the police to shoot demonstrators are not obeyed; weekly demonstrations continue every Monday in Leipzig.
|East Germany
|-
|1989
|October 18,
|Honecker is ousted and is replaced by Egon Krenz.
|East Germany
|-
|1989
|October 23,
|Hungary declares itself “independent and legal.”
|Hungary
|-
|1989
|November 5,
|Five hundred thousand demonstrators gather inEast Berlin.
|East Germany
|-
|1989
|November 7,
|The government resigns.
|Czechoslovakia
|-
|1989
|December 7,
|The government resigns.
|Czechoslovakia
|-
|1989
|November 9,
|Tne Berlin Wall is opened; thousands of East Germans visit the West.
|East Germany
|-
|1989
|November 17,
|Anti-government demonstration in Wenceslas Square is brutally broken up by police.
|Czechoslovakia
|-
|1989
|November 19,
|The Civic Forum is created in the Magic Lantern Theater.
|Czechoslovakia
|-
|1989
|November 20,
|More than two hundred thousand people protest in Prague; demonstrations continue and grow daily.
|Czechoslovakia
|-
|1989
|November 24,
|Alexander Dubcek returns to Prague; Milos Jakes and the Communist leadership resign.
|Czechoslovakia
|-
|1989
|November 27,
|The Civic Forum directs a two-hour general strike in support of democracy.
|Czechoslovakia
|-
|1989
|November 28,
|The Communist party promises to hold free elections and to abandon its “leading role.”
|Czechoslovakia
|-
|1989
|December 3,
|Egon Krenz. the Pofeburo. and the Central Committee all resign.
|East Germany
|-
|1989
|December 10,
|A new government with a non-Communist majority is formed.
|Czechoslovakia
|-
|1989
|December 15,
|The first demonstrations take place in Timisoara.
|Romania
|-
|1989
|December 17,
|Ceausescu orders the army and police to shoot demonstrators in Timisoara; thousands are killed.
|Romania
|-
|1989
|December 21,
|Ceausescu addresses a rally in Bucharest but is shouted down by protesters.
|Romania
|-
|1989
|December 22,
|Thousands of people storm government buildings in Bucharest; Ceausescu and his wife escape by helicopter.
|Romania
|-
|1989
|December 23,
|December 23, The National Salvation Front emerges, headed by Ion Iliescu, a former member of the Communist Central Committee.
|Romania
|-
|1989
|December 25,
|Ceausescu and his wife are executed.
|Romania
|-
|1989
|December 29,
|Vaclav Havel is elected president.
|Czechoslovakia
|-
|1990
|January 1,
|Introduction of fundamental economic reforms, securing a market system.
|Poland
|-
|1990
|January 13,
|Violent ethnic clashes break out in Azerbaijan.
|Soviet Union
|-
|1990
|February 4,
|One hundred thousand people demonstrate against the Communist party in Moscow.
|Soviet Union
|-
|1990
|February 7,
|Article Six of the Soviet Constitution is eliminated.
|Soviet Union
|-
|1990
|February 24,
|The Communists are defeated in Lithuanian elections.
|Soviet Union
|-
|1990
|March 11,
|The Timisoara Proclamation is announced.
|Romania
|-
|1990
|March 18,
|In East Germany’s first free election, 87 percent of the vote goes to pro-reunification parties.
|East Germany
|-
|1990
|March 18,
|Latvia and Estonia favor independence from the Soviet Union; Gorbachev is elected by the Soviet Parliament to a new executive presidency.
|Soviet Union
|-
|1990
|March 25,
|Jozsef Antall of the Hungarian Democratic Forum is elected prime minister.
|Hungary
|-
|1990
|April 13,
|Gorbachev announces economic blockade of Lithuania.
|Soviet Union
|-
|1990
|May 4,
|The Latvian Parliament votes for independence, but with an indeterminate transition period.
|Soviet Union
|-
|1990
|June 8-9,
|The Civic Forum wins 48 percent of the vote.
|Czechoslovakia
|-
|1990
|May 20,
|Ion Iliescu of the National Salvation Front is elected president, winning 85 percent of the vote.
|Romania
|-
|1990
|May 27,
|Local elections sweep away Communist officials throughout the country.
|Poland
|-
|1990
|July 2,
|Boris Yeltsin, leader of the Russian republic and Gorbachev’s chief rival, quits the Communist party.
|Soviet Union
|-
|1990
|October 3,
|The two Germanys are united after 45 years.
|East Germany
|-
|1990
|November 17,
|Gorbachev announces that executive power will be wielded by himself and the presidents of the 15 republics.
|Soviet Union
|-
|1990
|December 9,
|In Poland’s first free election since 1947, Lech Walesa is elected president, winning 75 percent of the vote.
|Poland
|}

Phiên bản lúc 00:40, ngày 1 tháng 3 năm 2016

YEAR DATE EVENTS COUNTRY
1917 October The October Revolution; Vladimir Lenin establishes a Communist government. Soviet Union
1922 Joseph Stalin becomes general secretary of the Communist party. Soviet Union
1945 February Poland’s postwar fate is decided at Yalta. Poland
1945 February At Yalta, the Allies agree to allow the Soviets to retain positions in Eastern Europe. Soviet Union
1946 February Hungary is declared a republic after the abolition of the monarchy. Hungary
1946 November A Communist-dominated front takes control. Romania
1947 January The Communist party gains control. Poland
1947 August Elections give the Communist-dominated leftist block 46 percent of the vote. Hungary
1948 May The Communist-dominated National Front wins an electoral victory. Czechoslovakia
1948 June Soviets begin a blockade of Berlin, and Allies respond with an airlift. East Germany
1953 March 5, Stalin dies; Nikita Khrushchev succeeds him. Soviet Union
1955 May 14, The Warsaw Pact is formed. Soviet Union
1956 June Strikes break out in Poznan; 57 people are killed. Poland
1956 October /

November

Imre Nagy becomes prime minister; more than twenty thousand people are killed in two waves of Soviet invasions. Hungary
1956 November Nagy is replaced by Janos Kadar. Hungary
1961 August The Berlin Wall is erected. East Germany
1964 October Khrushchev is ousted and replaced as general secretary by Leonid Brezhnev. Soviet Union
1965 July Nicolae Ceausescu becomes general secretary. Romania
1968 January The beginning of the Prague Spring. Czechoslovakia
1968 March Student riots take place in Warsaw. Poland
1968 August 31, Soviet troops lead a Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia. Czechoslovakia
1969 March Gustav Husak becomes general secretary. Czechoslovakia
1970 December Riots and strikes occur in Polish coastal cities; more than three hundred are reported killed. Poland
1971 May Erich Honecker becomes general secretary. East Germany
1977 January Charter 77 is circulated. Czechoslovakia
1977 August Miners in the Jiu Valley strike over living standards and pension cuts. Romania
1978 October 16, Cardinal Karol Wojtyla of Krakow is elected Pope, taking the name John Paul II. Poland
1980 January 15, Five thousand demonstrators in Prague’s Wenceslas Square commemorate Jan Palach’s suicide in 1969; Vaclav Havel and other dissidents are arrested. Czechoslovakia
1980 August Eighty thousand workers take over the Lenin Shipyard in Gdansk; strikes break out throughout the country. Poland
1980 August 31, Poland’s Communist government signs agreement with strike committee in Gdansk; Solidarity era begins. Poland
1981 December 13, Martial law is imposed; Solidarity is banned; thousands are imprisoned. Poland
1985 March 11, Mikhail Gorbachev is named as general secretary. Soviet Union
1986 March 17, The Communist party approves “truly revolutionary changes” in the economy. Soviet Union
1987 November More than ten thousand people demonstrate in Brasov. Romania
1987 December Husak is replaced by Milos Jakes. Czechoslovakia
1988 February 26, More than seven hundred thousand people protest in Azerbaijan and Armenia Soviet Union
1988 May/August Massive strikes break out across the country; on both occasions, strikers demand restoration of Solidarity. Poland
1989 February 6, First “roundtable” meeting takes place between government and Solidarity. Poland
1989 February 11, The government approves the creation of independent parties. Hungary
1989 March More than 75 thousand march in Budapest calling for the withdrawal of Soviet troops and free elections. Hungary
1989 March Human rights activists send an open letter of protest to Ceausescu. Romania
1989 March In the first free elections since 1917, scores of Party officials suffer humiliating defeats. Soviet Union
1989 April 1, Soviet troops begin to withdraw from Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and East Germany. Soviet Union
1989 April 7, Government agress to relegalize Solidarity and hold partly free elections. Poland
1989 May 2, Hungary begins dismantling its portion of the iron curtain along its border with Austria. Hungary
1989 May 8, Janos Kadar is replaced by Karoly Grosz as general secretary. Hungary
1989 June 4, Solidarity candidates triumph in Eastern Europe’s freest elections ever held under Communist rule. Poland
1989 June 16, Imre Nagy is reburied in a huge anti-Communist rally. Hungary
1989 July Ceausescu plays host to Warsaw Pact leaders. Romania
1989 August 24, Tadeusz Mazowiecki is confirmed as prime minister and forms the first non-Communist government in Eastern Europe since 1948. Poland
1989 September 10, Border with Austria is opened to East Germans wishing to leave. Hungary
1989 October 7, The Communist party dissolves itself and becomes the Socialist party. Hungary
1989 October 7, Mikhail Gorbachev warns Honecker that “life punishes those who delay.” East Germany
1989 October 9, Honecker’s orders for the police to shoot demonstrators are not obeyed; weekly demonstrations continue every Monday in Leipzig. East Germany
1989 October 18, Honecker is ousted and is replaced by Egon Krenz. East Germany
1989 October 23, Hungary declares itself “independent and legal.” Hungary
1989 November 5, Five hundred thousand demonstrators gather inEast Berlin. East Germany
1989 November 7, The government resigns. Czechoslovakia
1989 December 7, The government resigns. Czechoslovakia
1989 November 9, Tne Berlin Wall is opened; thousands of East Germans visit the West. East Germany
1989 November 17, Anti-government demonstration in Wenceslas Square is brutally broken up by police. Czechoslovakia
1989 November 19, The Civic Forum is created in the Magic Lantern Theater. Czechoslovakia
1989 November 20, More than two hundred thousand people protest in Prague; demonstrations continue and grow daily. Czechoslovakia
1989 November 24, Alexander Dubcek returns to Prague; Milos Jakes and the Communist leadership resign. Czechoslovakia
1989 November 27, The Civic Forum directs a two-hour general strike in support of democracy. Czechoslovakia
1989 November 28, The Communist party promises to hold free elections and to abandon its “leading role.” Czechoslovakia
1989 December 3, Egon Krenz. the Pofeburo. and the Central Committee all resign. East Germany
1989 December 10, A new government with a non-Communist majority is formed. Czechoslovakia
1989 December 15, The first demonstrations take place in Timisoara. Romania
1989 December 17, Ceausescu orders the army and police to shoot demonstrators in Timisoara; thousands are killed. Romania
1989 December 21, Ceausescu addresses a rally in Bucharest but is shouted down by protesters. Romania
1989 December 22, Thousands of people storm government buildings in Bucharest; Ceausescu and his wife escape by helicopter. Romania
1989 December 23, December 23, The National Salvation Front emerges, headed by Ion Iliescu, a former member of the Communist Central Committee. Romania
1989 December 25, Ceausescu and his wife are executed. Romania
1989 December 29, Vaclav Havel is elected president. Czechoslovakia
1990 January 1, Introduction of fundamental economic reforms, securing a market system. Poland
1990 January 13, Violent ethnic clashes break out in Azerbaijan. Soviet Union
1990 February 4, One hundred thousand people demonstrate against the Communist party in Moscow. Soviet Union
1990 February 7, Article Six of the Soviet Constitution is eliminated. Soviet Union
1990 February 24, The Communists are defeated in Lithuanian elections. Soviet Union
1990 March 11, The Timisoara Proclamation is announced. Romania
1990 March 18, In East Germany’s first free election, 87 percent of the vote goes to pro-reunification parties. East Germany
1990 March 18, Latvia and Estonia favor independence from the Soviet Union; Gorbachev is elected by the Soviet Parliament to a new executive presidency. Soviet Union
1990 March 25, Jozsef Antall of the Hungarian Democratic Forum is elected prime minister. Hungary
1990 April 13, Gorbachev announces economic blockade of Lithuania. Soviet Union
1990 May 4, The Latvian Parliament votes for independence, but with an indeterminate transition period. Soviet Union
1990 June 8-9, The Civic Forum wins 48 percent of the vote. Czechoslovakia
1990 May 20, Ion Iliescu of the National Salvation Front is elected president, winning 85 percent of the vote. Romania
1990 May 27, Local elections sweep away Communist officials throughout the country. Poland
1990 July 2, Boris Yeltsin, leader of the Russian republic and Gorbachev’s chief rival, quits the Communist party. Soviet Union
1990 October 3, The two Germanys are united after 45 years. East Germany
1990 November 17, Gorbachev announces that executive power will be wielded by himself and the presidents of the 15 republics. Soviet Union
1990 December 9, In Poland’s first free election since 1947, Lech Walesa is elected president, winning 75 percent of the vote. Poland
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