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| imagesize =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| caption =
| birth_date = 25 May 1925
| birth_date = 25 tháng 5 năm 1925
| birth_place = [[Mexico City]], Mexico
| birth_place = [[Mexico City]], Mexico
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1974|8|7|1925|5|25}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1974|8|7|1925|5|25}}
| death_place = [[Tel Aviv]], Israel
| death_place = [[Tel Aviv]], Israel
| occupation = Poet and author
| occupation = Nhà thơ và nhà văn
| nationality = Mexican
| nationality = Mexico
| language = Spanish
| language = tiếng Tây Ban Nha
| education = National Autonomous University of Mexico
| education = Đại học Tự chủ Quốc gia Mexico
| spouse =
| spouse =
| movement = [[Generation of 1950]]
| movement = [[Thế hệ năm 1950]]
| children =
| children =
| relations =
| relations =
}}
}}


'''Rosario Castellanos Figueroa''' ({{IPA-es|roˈsaɾjo kasteˈʝanos}}; 25 May 1925 – 7 August 1974) was a [[Mexico|Mexican]] poet and author. Along with the other members of the [[Generation of 1950]] (the poets who wrote following the Second World War, influenced by [[César Vallejo]] and others), she was one of Mexico's most important literary voices in the last century. Throughout her life, she wrote eloquently about issues of cultural and gender oppression, and her work has influenced feminist theory and [[cultural studies]]. Though she died young, she opened the door of [[Mexican literature]] to women, and left a legacy that still resonates today.
'''Rosario Castellanos Figueroa''' ({{IPA-es|roˈsaɾjo kasteˈʝanos}}; 25 tháng 5 năm 1925 – 7 tháng 8 năm 1974) là một nhà thơ và nhà văn người [[Mexico]]. Cùng với các nhà thơ khác thuộc [[thế hệ năm 1950]] (các nhà thơ viết sau Thế chiến thứ 2, ảnh hưởng bởi [[César Vallejo]]<nowiki/>avànmột số người khác shcô là một trong những tiếng nói văn chương quan trọng nhất của Mexico vào thế kỷ trước.


==Life==
== Cuộc đời ==
Born in [[Mexico City]], she was raised in [[Comitán]] near her family's ranch in the southern [[mexican state|state]] of [[Chiapas]]. She was an introverted young girl, who took notice of the plight of the indigenous [[Maya peoples|Maya]] who worked for her family. According to her own account, she felt estranged from her family after a [[Fortune-telling|soothsayer]] predicted that one of her mother's two children would die shortly, and her mother screamed out, "Not the boy!"


==Công việc và ảnh hưởng==
The family's fortunes changed suddenly when [[President of Mexico|President]] [[Lázaro Cárdenas del Río|Lázaro Cárdenas]] enacted a [[land reform]] and peasant emancipation policy that stripped the family of much of its land holdings. At fifteen, Castellanos and her parents moved to [[Mexico City]]. One year later, her parents were dead and she was left to fend for herself.
⚫
[[File:RosarioCastellanostombDoloresDF.JPG|thumb|Mộ của Rosario Castellanos]]


==Một số tác phẩm==
Although she remained introverted, she joined a group of Mexican and Central American intellectuals, read extensively, and began to write. She studied philosophy and literature at UNAM (the [[National Autonomous University of Mexico]]), where she would later teach, and joined the [[National Indigenous Institute]], writing scripts for [[puppet]] shows that were staged in impoverished regions to promote [[literacy]]. Ironically, the Institute had been founded by President Cárdenas, who had taken away her family's land. She also wrote a weekly column for the newspaper ''[[Excélsior]]''.

In addition to her literary work, Castellanos held several government posts. In recognition for her contribution to Mexican literature, Castellanos was appointed ambassador to [[Israel]] in 1971.

On 7 August 1974, Castellanos died in [[Tel Aviv]] from an unfortunate electrical accident. Some have speculated that the accident was in fact suicide. Mexican writer Martha Cerda, for example, wrote to journalist Lucina Kathmann, "I believe she committed suicide, though she already felt she was dead for some time.".<ref>[http://www.cordite.org.au/archives/000459.html Cordite Poetry Review Archives<!-- bot-generated title -->] at www.cordite.org.au</ref> There is no evidence to support such a claim, however.

==Work and influences==
⚫
[[File:RosarioCastellanostombDoloresDF.JPG|thumb|Tombstone of Rosario Castellanos]]
Throughout her career, Castellanos wrote poetry, essays, one major play, and three novels: the semi-autobiographical ''Balún Canán'' and ''Oficio de tinieblas'' (translated into English as ''[[The Book of Lamentations (novel)|The Book of Lamentations]]'') depicting a [[Tzotzil people|Tzotzil]] indigenous uprising in Chiapas based on one that had occurred in the 19th century. Despite being a [[ladino people|ladino]] – of mestizo, not [[Native American (Americas)|indigenous]] descent – Castellanos shows considerable concern and understanding for the plight of indigenous peoples. "Cartas a Ricardo," a collection of her letters to her husband Ricardo Guerra was published after her death as was her third novel, ''Rito de iniciación''. Rosario Castellanos said of her letters in ''Cartas a Ricardo'' that she considered them to be her autobiography. ''Rito de iniciación'' is in the bildungsroman tradition about a young woman who discovers her vocation of a writer.

Castellanos admired writers such as Gabriela Mistral, Emily Dickinson, Simone de Beauvoir, Virginia Woolf, and Simone Weil.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History|last=|first=|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref> Castellanos' poem, "Valium 10," is in the confessional mode, and is a great feminist poem comparable to Sylvia Plath's "Daddy."

A park in Mexico City, located in the borough (''Delegación'') [[Cuajimalpa|Cuajimalpa de Morelos]] is named after her.

==Selected bibliography==
*''Balún-Canán'' Fondo de Cultura Economica, 1957; 2007, ISBN 9789681683030
*''Balún-Canán'' Fondo de Cultura Economica, 1957; 2007, ISBN 9789681683030
*''Poemas (1953–1955)'', Colección Metáfora, 1957
*''Poemas (1953–1955)'', Colección Metáfora, 1957
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*{{cite book|title=Sobre cultura femenina|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=K9J5O78IHwgC|year=2005|publisher=Fondo de Cultura Económica|isbn=978-968-16-7465-6}}
*{{cite book|title=Sobre cultura femenina|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=K9J5O78IHwgC|year=2005|publisher=Fondo de Cultura Económica|isbn=978-968-16-7465-6}}


== Các bản dịch tiếng Anh ==
== English translations ==
*''The Nine Guardians: a Novel'', Readers International, 1992, ISBN 9780930523909, Translator Irene Nicholson
*''The Nine Guardians: a Novel'', Readers International, 1992, ISBN 9780930523909, Translator Irene Nicholson
*{{cite book|title=The Book of Lamentations|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=MZDqVuBTgy0C|year=1998|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-14-118003-8|others=Translator Esther Allen}} (''Oficio de tinieblas'')
*{{cite book|title=The Book of Lamentations|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=MZDqVuBTgy0C|year=1998|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-14-118003-8|others=Translator Esther Allen}} (''Oficio de tinieblas'')
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* http://www.revistatemporales.com/2014/03/18/rosario-castellanos-cartas-ricardo/
* http://www.revistatemporales.com/2014/03/18/rosario-castellanos-cartas-ricardo/


==References==
==Chú thích==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


==Additional reading==
==Thư mục==
*Ahern, Maureen. Rosario Castellanos. ''Latin American Writers''. 3 vols. Ed. Solé/Abreu. NY: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1989, III: 1295–1302.
*Ahern, Maureen. Rosario Castellanos. ''Latin American Writers''. 3 vols. Ed. Solé/Abreu. NY: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1989, III: 1295–1302.
*___. "Rosario Castellanos". ''Spanish American Woman Writers: A Bio-Bibliographical Source Book''. Ed. Diane E. Marting. Westport/London: Greenwood Press, 1990: 140–155.
*___. "Rosario Castellanos". ''Spanish American Woman Writers: A Bio-Bibliographical Source Book''. Ed. Diane E. Marting. Westport/London: Greenwood Press, 1990: 140–155.
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*Ward, Thomas. ''La resistencia cultural: la nación en el ensayo de las Américas''. Lima: Universidad Ricardo Palma, 2004: 269–275.
*Ward, Thomas. ''La resistencia cultural: la nación en el ensayo de las Américas''. Lima: Universidad Ricardo Palma, 2004: 269–275.


==Liên kết ngoài==
==External links==
*Rosario Castellanos reading some of her poetry: [http://www.palabravirtual.com/index.php?ir=crit.php&wid=14&show=poemas&p=Rosario+Castellanos Rosario Castellanos<!-- bot-generated title -->] at www.palabravirtual.com
*Rosario Castellanos đọc một số thơ của mình: [http://www.palabravirtual.com/index.php?ir=crit.php&wid=14&show=poemas&p=Rosario+Castellanos Rosario Castellanos<!-- bot-generated title -->] tại www.palabravirtual.com
*Musical versions of Rosario Castellanos' poetry: [http://www.alisaamor.com/alisaamor4/Rosario.html]
*Phiên bản âm nhạc của thơ Rosario Castellanos: [http://www.alisaamor.com/alisaamor4/Rosario.html]
*Rosario Castellanos park[.[http://wikimapia.org/1582534/es/Parque-Rosario-Castellanos]]
*Công viên Rosario Castellanos[.[http://wikimapia.org/1582534/es/Parque-Rosario-Castellanos]]


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

Phiên bản lúc 18:29, ngày 12 tháng 5 năm 2016

Rosario Castellanos
Tập tin:Rosario Castellanos.jpg
Sinh25 tháng 5 năm 1925
Mexico City, Mexico
Mất7 tháng 8 năm 1974(1974-08-07) (49 tuổi)
Tel Aviv, Israel
Nghề nghiệpNhà thơ và nhà văn
Ngôn ngữtiếng Tây Ban Nha
Quốc tịchMexico
Học vấnĐại học Tự chủ Quốc gia Mexico
Trào lưuThế hệ năm 1950

Rosario Castellanos Figueroa (phát âm tiếng Tây Ban Nha: [roˈsaɾjo kasteˈʝanos]; 25 tháng 5 năm 1925 – 7 tháng 8 năm 1974) là một nhà thơ và nhà văn người Mexico. Cùng với các nhà thơ khác thuộc thế hệ năm 1950 (các nhà thơ viết sau Thế chiến thứ 2, ảnh hưởng bởi César Vallejoavànmột số người khác shcô là một trong những tiếng nói văn chương quan trọng nhất của Mexico vào thế kỷ trước.

Cuộc đời

Công việc và ảnh hưởng

Mộ của Rosario Castellanos

Một số tác phẩm

  • Balún-Canán Fondo de Cultura Economica, 1957; 2007, ISBN 9789681683030
  • Poemas (1953–1955), Colección Metáfora, 1957
  • Ciudad Real: Cuentos, 1960; Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial México, 2007, ISBN 9786071108654
  • Oficio de tinieblas 1962; 2013, Grupo Planeta – México, ISBN 978-607-07-1659-1
  • Álbum de familia (1971)
  • Poesía no eres tú; Obra poética: 1948–1971 1972; Fondo de Cultura Economica, 2004, ISBN 9789681671174
  • Mujer que sabe latín . . . 1973; Fondo de Cultura Economica, 2003, ISBN 9789681671167
  • El eterno femenino: Farsa 1973; Fondo de Cultura Economica, 2012, ISBN 9786071610829
  • Bella dama sin piedad y otros poemas, Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1984, ISBN 9789681617332
  • Los convidados de agosto. Ediciones Era. 1964. ISBN 978-968-411-203-2.
  • Declaración de fe Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial México, 2012, ISBN 9786071119339
  • La muerte del tigre SEP, 198?
  • Cartas a Ricardo (1994)
  • Rito de iniciación 1996; 2012, Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial México, ISBN 978-607-11-1935-3
  • Sobre cultura femenina. Fondo de Cultura Económica. 2005. ISBN 978-968-16-7465-6.

Các bản dịch tiếng Anh

Chú thích

Thư mục

  • Ahern, Maureen. Rosario Castellanos. Latin American Writers. 3 vols. Ed. Solé/Abreu. NY: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1989, III: 1295–1302.
  • ___. "Rosario Castellanos". Spanish American Woman Writers: A Bio-Bibliographical Source Book. Ed. Diane E. Marting. Westport/London: Greenwood Press, 1990: 140–155.
  • Anderson, Helene M. "Rosario Castellanos and the Structures of Power". Contemporary Women Authors of Latin America. Ed. Doris Meyer & Margarite Fernández Olmos. NY: Brooklyn College Humanities Institute Series, Brooklyn College, 1983: 22–31.
  • Bellm, Dan. "A Woman Who Knew Latin." The Nation. (26 June 1989): 891–893.
  • Brushwood, John S. The Spanish American Novel: A Twentieth Century Survey. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 1975., pp. 237–238.
  • Castillo, Debra A. Talking Back: Toward a Latin American Feminist Literary Criticism. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1992.
  • Juárez Torres, Francisco. La poesia indigenista en cuatro poetas latinoamericanos: Manuel González Prada, Gabriela Mistral, Pablo Neruda y Rosario Castellanos. Ann Arbor: UMI, 1990.
  • Kintz, Linda. Title: The Subject's Tragedy: Political Poetics, Feminist Theory, and Drama. Ann Arbor : University of Michigan Press, 1992.
  • Laín Corona, Guillermo. "Infancia y opresión en Balún Canán, de Rosario Castellanos. La niña como eje temático y estructural de la novela". Bulletin of Hispanic Studies, 88.7 (2011): 777–794.
  • Medeiros-Lichem, María Teresa. "Rosario Castellanos: The Inclusion of Plural Languages and the Problematic of Class and Race in Texts Written by Women". In Reading the Femine Voice in Latin American Women's Fiction: From Teresa de la Parra to Elena Poniatowska and Luisa Valenzuela. New York/Bern: Peter Lang, 2002: 84–99.
  • Melendez, Priscilla. "Genealogia y escritura en Balún-Canán de Rosario Castellanos" MLN 113.2 (March 1998) (Hispanic Issue): 339–363.
  • Meyer, Doris. Reinterpreting the Spanish American Essay: Women Writers of the 19th and 20th Centuries. Austin : University of Texas Press, 1995.
  • Schaefer, Claudia. Textured Lives: Women, Art, and Representation in Modern Mexico. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1992.
  • Schwartz, Kessel. A New History of Spanish American Fiction. Vol. 2. Coralal Gables: University of Florida Press, 1971: 299–301.
  • Turner, Harriet S. "Moving Selves: The Alchemy of Esmero (Gabriela Mistral, Gloria Riestra, Rosario Castellanos, and Gloria Fuertes)". In the Feminine Mode: Essays on Hispanic Women Writers. Eds, Noël Valis and Carol Maier. Lewisburg: Bucknell University press, 1990: 227–245.
  • Ward, Thomas. La resistencia cultural: la nación en el ensayo de las Américas. Lima: Universidad Ricardo Palma, 2004: 269–275.

Liên kết ngoài

  • Rosario Castellanos đọc một số thơ của mình: Rosario Castellanos tại www.palabravirtual.com
  • Phiên bản âm nhạc của thơ Rosario Castellanos: [1]
  • Công viên Rosario Castellanos[.[2]]


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