Khác biệt giữa bản sửa đổi của “Năng lượng điểm không”
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Không có tóm lược sửa đổi |
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[[Tập_tin:2_Helium.png|nhỏ|[[Heli lỏng]] không bị đóng băng bất kể [[nhiệt độ]] ở [[Nhiệt độ và áp suất tiêu chuẩn|áp suất tiêu chuẩn]] do năng lượng điểm không. Khi được làm lạnh dưới [[điểm lambda]], nó thể hiện tính chất [[siêu lỏng]].]] |
[[Tập_tin:2_Helium.png|nhỏ|[[Heli lỏng]] không bị đóng băng bất kể [[nhiệt độ]] ở [[Nhiệt độ và áp suất tiêu chuẩn|áp suất tiêu chuẩn]] do năng lượng điểm không. Khi được làm lạnh dưới [[điểm lambda]], nó thể hiện tính chất [[siêu lỏng]].]] |
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{{Cơ học lượng tử}}{{Lý thuyết trường lượng tử}} |
{{Cơ học lượng tử}} |
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{{Lý thuyết trường lượng tử}} |
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'''Năng lượng điểm không''' ([[tiếng Anh]]: '''zero-point energy''' ('''ZPE''')) là [[năng lượng]] thấp nhất có thể có mà một hệ [[cơ học lượng tử]] có thể có. Không giống như trong [[cơ học cổ điển]], các hệ lượng tử liên tục [[Thăng giáng lượng tử|dao động]] ở trạng thái năng lượng thấp nhất như được mô tả bởi [[nguyên lý bất định Heisenberg]].{{sfnp|Sciama|1991|p=137}} Do đó, ngay cả ở [[Nhiệt độ không tuyệt đối|độ không tuyệt đối]], các [[nguyên tử]] và [[phân tử]] vẫn giữ được một số chuyển động dao động. |
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'''Năng lượng điểm không''' ([[tiếng Anh]]: '''zero-point energy''' ('''ZPE''')) là [[năng lượng]] thấp nhất mà một hệ [[cơ học lượng tử]] có thể có. Không giống như trong [[cơ học cổ điển]], các hệ lượng tử liên tục [[Thăng giáng lượng tử|dao động]] ở trạng thái năng lượng thấp nhất như được mô tả bởi [[nguyên lý bất định Heisenberg]].{{sfnp|Sciama|1991|p=137}} Do đó, ngay cả ở [[Nhiệt độ không tuyệt đối|độ không tuyệt đối]], các [[nguyên tử]] và [[phân tử]] vẫn giữ được một số chuyển động dao động. |
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==Tham khảo== |
==Tham khảo== |
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{{Reflist|30em}} |
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{{Tham khảo}}{{Sơ khai vật lý}} |
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=== Các bài viết trên báo chí === |
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{{Refbegin|30em}} |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Cho|first1=A.|title=Physicists Observe Weird Quantum Fluctuations Of Empty Space—Maybe|journal=Science|date=1 October 2015|doi=10.1126/science.aad4655|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/physicists-observe-weird-quantum-fluctuations-empty-space-maybe|archive-url= https://archive.today/20170527215824/http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/10/physicists-observe-weird-quantum-fluctuations-empty-space-maybe|archive-date=27 May 2017|url-status=live}} |
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* {{cite web|last1=Cook|first1=N.|title=Anti-Gravity Propulsion Comes "Out of the Closet"|url=http://www.janes.com/aerospace/civil/news/jdw/jdw020729_1_n.shtml|website=Jane's Defence Weekly|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20020802222642/http://www.janes.com/aerospace/civil/news/jdw/jdw020729_1_n.shtml|archive-date=2 August 2002|location=London|date=29 July 2002|url-status=dead}} |
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* {{cite magazine|last1=Crane|first1=L.|title=Quantum Particles Seen Distorting Light From a Neutron Star|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2114797-quantum-particles-seen-distorting-light-from-a-neutron-star/#link_time=1480530002|magazine=New Scientist|archive-url= https://archive.today/20170529132415/https://www.newscientist.com/article/2114797-quantum-particles-seen-distorting-light-from-a-neutron-star/%23link_time=1480530002|archive-date=29 May 2017|date=30 November 2016|url-status=live}} |
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* {{cite news|last1=Davies|first1=P. C. W.|author-link1=Paul Davies|date=22 September 1994|title=Inertia Theory: Magic Roundabout. Paul Davies on the Meaning of Mach's Principle|newspaper=The Guardian|url=http://www.physics.adelaide.edu.au:80/itp/staff/pcwd/Guardian/1994/940922Mach.html|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/19990117003745/http://www.physics.adelaide.edu.au/itp/staff/pcwd/Guardian/1994/940922Mach.html|archive-date=1999-01-17|url-status=dead}} |
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* {{cite magazine|last1=Davies|first1=P. C. W.|author-link1=Paul Davies|title=Out of the Ether: The Changing Face of the Vacuum|magazine=New Scientist|volume=212|issue=2839|date=19 November 2011|pages=50–52|doi= 10.1016/S0262-4079(11)62858-3|bibcode= 2011NewSc.212Q..50D}} |
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* {{cite magazine|last1=Matthews|first1=R.|title=Nothing Like a Vacuum|magazine=New Scientist|date=25 February 1995|volume=145|issue=1966|pages=30–33|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg14519664-100-nothing-like-a-vacuum/|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160413064419/https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg14519664-100-nothing-like-a-vacuum/|archive-date=2016-04-13|url-status=live}} [http://www.calphysics.org/haisch/matthews.html Via Calphysics Institute]. |
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* {{cite web|last1=O'Carroll|first1=E.|title=Scientists Examine Nothing, Find Something|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2013/0325/Scientists-examine-nothing-find-something|website=Christian Science Monitor|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130331152355/http://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2013/0325/Scientists-examine-nothing-find-something|archive-date=2013-03-31|date=25 March 2013|url-status=live}} |
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* {{cite web|last1=Pilkington|first1=M.|title=Zero Point Energy|url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2003/jul/17/research.highereducation|website=The Guardian|date=17 July 2003|archive-url= https://archive.today/20170207125201/https://www.theguardian.com/education/2003/jul/17/research.highereducation|archive-date=2017-02-07|url-status=live}} |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Powell|first1=C. S.|title=Unbearable Lightness: A New Theory May Explain Why Objects Tend to Stay Put|journal=Scientific American|date=1994|volume=270|issue=5|pages=30–31|doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0594-27}} |
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* {{cite magazine|last1=Scott|first1=W. B.|title=To the Stars|magazine=Aviation Week & Space Technology|date=March 2004|pages=50–53|url=http://www.zpower.com/en/documents/Paper_ToTheStars.pdf|access-date=25 October 2016|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170226115809/http://www.zpower.com/en/documents/Paper_ToTheStars.pdf|archive-date=26 February 2017}} |
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* {{cite web|last1=Siegel|first1=E.|author-link=Ethan Siegel|title=What Is The Physics Of Nothing?|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2016/09/22/what-is-the-physics-of-nothing/#423602bc1451|website=Forbes|date=22 September 2016|archive-url= https://archive.today/20170527101227/https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2016/09/22/what-is-the-physics-of-nothing/%2358e1445375f8#423602bc1451|archive-date=27 May 2017|url-status=live}} |
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* {{cite magazine|last1=Shiga|first1=D.|title=Vacuum Energy: Something For Nothing?|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg18825191-800-vacuum-energy-something-for-nothing/|magazine=New Scientist|date=28 September 2005|archive-url= https://archive.today/20170527100244/https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg18825191-800-vacuum-energy-something-for-nothing/|archive-date=27 May 2017|url-status=live}} |
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* {{cite web|last1=Wall|first1=M.|date=27 March 2014|title=Does Dark Energy Spring From the 'Quantum Vacuum?'|url=http://www.space.com/25238-dark-energy-quantum-vacuum-theory.html|website=SPACE.com|archive-url= https://archive.today/20140329030122/http://www.space.com/25238-dark-energy-quantum-vacuum-theory.html|archive-date=2014-03-29|url-status=live}} |
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{{Refend}} |
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=== Thư mục === |
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{{Refbegin|30em}} |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Haisch|first1=B.|last2=Rueda|first2=A.|last3=Puthoff|first3=H. E.|title=Inertia as a Zero-Point-Field Lorentz Force|journal=Physical Review A|date=1994|volume=49|issue=2|pages=678–694|doi=10.1103/PhysRevA.49.678|url=http://www.zpower.com/sp/documents/ZPEPaper_InertiaAsAZeroPointFieldLorenzForce.pdf|pmid=9910287|bibcode=1994PhRvA..49..678H|access-date=17 October 2016|archive-date=31 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731093457/http://www.zpower.com/sp/documents/ZPEPaper_InertiaAsAZeroPointFieldLorenzForce.pdf|url-status=dead}} |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Heisenberg|first1=W.|last2=Euler|first2=H.|title=Folgerungen aus der Diracschen Theorie des Positrons|journal=Zeitschrift für Physik|volume=98|issue=11–12|year=1936|pages=714–732|issn=1434-6001|doi=10.1007/BF01343663|bibcode=1936ZPhy...98..714H|arxiv=physics/0605038|s2cid=120354480}} |
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* {{cite book|last1=Itzykson|first1=C.|last2=Zuber|first2=J.-B.|title=Quantum Field Theory|date=1980|publisher=Dover Publications|location=Mineola, New York|isbn=978-0486445687|edition=2005|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4MwsAwAAQBAJ|lccn=2005053026|oclc=61200849}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Kragh|first=H.|title=Quantum Generations: A History of Physics in the Twentieth Century|publisher=Princeton University Press|date=2002|isbn=978-0-691-09552-3|oclc=248763258}} |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Scully|first1=M. O.|title=Extracting Work from a Single Thermal Bath via Quantum Negentropy|journal=Physical Review Letters|date=2001|volume=87|issue=22|at=220601|doi= 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.220601|bibcode= 2001PhRvL..87v0601S|pmid= 11736390}} |
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* {{cite journal|ref={{harvid|Scully et al.|2003}}|last1=Scully|first1=M. O.|last2=Zubairy|first2=M. S.|last3=Agarwal|first3=G. S.|last4=Walther|first4=H.|date=2003|title=Extracting Work from a Single Heat Bath via Vanishing Quantum Coherence|journal=Science|volume=299|issue=5608|pages=862–863|doi=10.1126/science.1078955|pmid=12511655|bibcode=2003Sci...299..862S|s2cid=120884236}} |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Weinberg|first1=S.|author-link1=Steven Weinberg|title=The Cosmological Constant Problem|journal=Reviews of Modern Physics|volume=61|issue=1|year=1989|pages=1–23|issn=0034-6861|doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.61.1|bibcode=1989RvMP...61....1W|url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/2152/61094/1/Weinberg_1989.pdf|hdl=2152/61094|s2cid=122259372}} |
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* {{cite book|last1=Weinberg|first1=S.|author-link1=Steven Weinberg|title=Lectures on Quantum Mechanics|date=2015|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-1-107-11166-0|edition=2nd|lccn=2015021123|oclc=910664598}} |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Weisskopf|first1=V.|title=Über die Elektrodynamik des Vakuums auf Grund des Quantentheorie des Elektrons|journal=Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Mathematisk-fysiske Meddelelse|date=1936|volume=24|issue=6|pages=3–39|trans-title=[http://neo-classical-physics.info/uploads/3/0/6/5/3065888/weisskopf_-_electrodynamics.pdf On the Elecrodynamics of the Vacuum on the Basis of the Quantum Theory of the Electron]}} |
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* {{cite journal|ref={{harvid|White, March, Lawrence et al.|2016}}|last1=White|first1=H.|last2=March|first2=P.|last3=Lawrence|first3=J.|last4=Vera|first4=J.|last5=Sylvester|first5=A.|last6=Brady|first6=D.|last7=Bailey|first7=P.|date=2016|title=Measurement of Impulsive Thrust from a Closed Radio-Frequency Cavity in Vacuum|journal=Journal of Propulsion and Power|volume=33|issue=4|pages=830–841|doi= 10.2514/1.B36120|hdl= 2060/20170000277|s2cid=126303009 }} |
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* {{cite conference|ref={{harvid|White, March, Williams et al.|2011}}|last1=White|first1=H.|last2=March|first2=P.|last3=Williams|first3=N.|last4=O'Neill|first4=W.|date=2011-12-05|title=Eagleworks Laboratories: Advanced Propulsion Physics Research|conference=JANNAF Joint Propulsion Meeting; 5–9 December 2011; Huntsville, AL|url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20110023492.pdf|access-date=24 October 2016}} |
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* {{cite journal|ref={{harvid|Wilson et al.|2011}}|last1=Wilson|first1=C. M.|last2=Johansson|first2=G.|last3=Pourkabirian|first3=A.|last4=Simoen|first4=M.|last5=Johansson|first5=J. R.|last6=Duty|first6=T.|last7=Nori|first7=F.|last8=Delsing|first8=P.|title=Observation of the Dynamical Casimir Effect in a Superconducting Circuit|journal=Nature|volume=479|issue=7373|year=2011|pages=376–379|issn=0028-0836|doi=10.1038/nature10561|pmid=22094697|arxiv=1105.4714|bibcode=2011Natur.479..376W|s2cid=219735}} |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Woods|first1=R. C.|date=2005|title=Manipulation of gravitational waves for communications applications using superconductors|journal=Physica C: Superconductivity|volume=433|issue=1–2|pages=101–107|doi= 10.1016/j.physc.2005.10.003|bibcode= 2005PhyC..433..101W}} |
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* {{cite journal|ref={{harvid|Woods et al.|2001}}|last1=Woods|first1=R. C.|last2=Cooke|first2=S. G.|last3=Helme|first3=J.|last4=Caldwell|first4=C. H.|date=2001|title=Gravity modification by high-temperature superconductors|journal=AIAA 37th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit|doi=10.2514/6.2001-3363}} |
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{{Refend}} |
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== Đọc thêm == |
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{{Refbegin}} |
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* {{cite magazine|last1=Brumfiel|first1=G.|date=3 June 2011|title=Moving Mirrors Make Light From Nothing|magazine=Nature|doi=10.1038/news.2011.346|url=http://www.nature.com/news/2011/110603/full/news.2011.346.html}} |
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* {{cite magazine|last1=Brooks|first1=M.|date=16 November 2011|title=Light Pulled Out of Empty Space|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21228392-700-light-pulled-out-of-empty-space/|magazine=New Scientist|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170530092257/https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21228392-700-light-pulled-out-of-empty-space/|archive-date=30 May 2017|url-status=live}} |
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* {{cite magazine|last1=Cartlidge|first1=E.|date=17 November 2011|title=How to Turn Darkness into Light|url=http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2011/nov/17/how-to-turn-darkness-into-light|magazine=Physics World|publisher=Institute of Physics|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170530091635/http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2011/nov/17/how-to-turn-darkness-into-light|archive-date=30 May 2017|url-status=live}} |
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* {{cite magazine|last1=Marcus|first1=A.|date=12 October 2009|title=Research in a Vacuum: DARPA Tries to Tap Elusive Casimir Effect for Breakthrough Technology|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/darpa-casimir-effect-research/|magazine=Scientific American|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150302015744/http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/darpa-casimir-effect-research/|archive-date=2 March 2015|url-status=live}} |
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* {{cite news|last1=Matthews|first1=R.|last2=Sample|first2=I.|date=1 September 1996|title='Anti-Gravity' Device Gives Science a Lift|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/htmlContent.jhtml?html=%2Farchive%2F1996%2F09%2F01%2Fngrav01.html|work=The Sunday Telegraph|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030306005212/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/htmlContent.jhtml?html=%2Farchive%2F1996%2F09%2F01%2Fngrav01.html|archive-date=2003-03-06|url-status=dead}} |
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* {{cite magazine|last1=Sciama|first1=D. W.|author-link1=Dennis Sciama|title=The Ether Transmogrified|magazine=New Scientist|date=2 Feb 1978|volume=77|issue=1088|pages=298–300|via=Google Books|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5RHTCiRgnB0C&pg=PA298}} |
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* {{cite web|last1=Yirka|first1=B.|date=2 October 2015|title=Research Team Claims to Have Directly Sampled Electric-Field Vacuum Fluctuations|url=https://phys.org/news/2015-10-team-sampled-electric-field-vacuum-fluctuations.html|website=Phys.org|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170527220138/https://phys.org/news/2015-10-team-sampled-electric-field-vacuum-fluctuations.html|archive-date=27 May 2017|url-status=live}} |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Boyer|first1=T. H.|title=Quantum Zero-Point Energy and Long-Range Forces|journal=Annals of Physics|volume=56|issue=2|year=1970|pages=474–503|issn=0003-4916|doi=10.1016/0003-4916(70)90027-8|bibcode=1970AnPhy..56..474B}} |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Bulsara|first1=A. R.|last2=Gammaitoni|first2=L.|title=Tuning in to Noise|journal=Physics Today|volume=49|issue=3|year=1996|pages=39–45|issn=0031-9228|doi=10.1063/1.881491|bibcode=1996PhT....49c..39B|url=http://www.nipslab.org/files/vol49no3p39-45.pdf|access-date=31 May 2017|archive-date=12 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712182115/http://www.nipslab.org/files/vol49no3p39-45.pdf|url-status=dead}} |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Lahteenmaki|first1=P.|last2=Paraoanu|first2=G. S.|last3=Hassel|first3=J.|last4=Hakonen|first4=P. J.|title=Dynamical Casimir Effect in a Josephson Metamaterial|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=110|issue=11|year=2013|pages=4234–4238|issn=0027-8424|doi=10.1073/pnas.1212705110|bibcode=2013PNAS..110.4234L|arxiv=1111.5608|s2cid=10972781|doi-access=free}} |
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{{Refend}} |
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===Sách=== |
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{{Refbegin}} |
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* {{cite book|last1=Beiser|first1=A.|title=Concepts of Modern Physics|date=2003|publisher=McGraw-Hill|location=Boston|isbn=978-0072448481|edition=6th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=34l9CgAAQBAJ|lccn=2001044743|oclc=48965418}} |
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* {{cite book|last1=Heitler|first1=W.|author-link1=Walter Heitler|title=The Quantum Theory of Radiation|date=1984|publisher=Dover Publications|location=New York|isbn=978-0486645582|edition=1954 reprint 3rd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L7w7UpecbKYC|lccn=83005201|oclc=924845769}} |
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* {{cite book|last1=Rafelski|first1=J.|author-link1=Johann Rafelski|last2=Muller|first2=B.|title=Structured Vacuum: Thinking About Nothing|date=1985|publisher=Thun|location=H. Deutsch|isbn=978-3871448898|url=http://www.physics.arizona.edu/~rafelski/Books/StructVacuumE.pdf|lccn=86175968|oclc=946050522}} |
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{{Refend}} |
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{{Tham khảo}} |
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{{Sơ khai vật lý}} |
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{{Điện động lực học lượng tử}} |
{{Điện động lực học lượng tử}} |
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{{Vật lý}} |
{{Vật lý}} |
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{{Kiểm soát tính nhất quán}} |
{{Kiểm soát tính nhất quán}} |
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[[Thể loại:Hoàn toàn không có nguồn tham khảo]] |
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[[Thể loại:Khái niệm vật lý]] |
[[Thể loại:Khái niệm vật lý]] |
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[[Thể loại:Vật lý vật chất ngưng tụ]] |
[[Thể loại:Vật lý vật chất ngưng tụ]] |
Phiên bản lúc 14:00, ngày 31 tháng 10 năm 2023
Năng lượng điểm không (tiếng Anh: zero-point energy (ZPE)) là năng lượng thấp nhất mà một hệ cơ học lượng tử có thể có. Không giống như trong cơ học cổ điển, các hệ lượng tử liên tục dao động ở trạng thái năng lượng thấp nhất như được mô tả bởi nguyên lý bất định Heisenberg.[1] Do đó, ngay cả ở độ không tuyệt đối, các nguyên tử và phân tử vẫn giữ được một số chuyển động dao động.
Tham khảo
- ^ Sciama (1991), tr. 137.
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Đọc thêm
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Sách
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